1. Theories on Development

2. Charles Cooley (1864-1929)

3. Cooley He said that the self develops through process of social interaction

4. Cooley  Influenced by family primarily, then later peer- groups.

5. Cooley  Used the analogy of a Looking-Glass (mirror) to describe the 3 stage process of self

6. Cooley

7. George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)

8. Mead

9.  He said the self is composed of 2 parts- “I” and “Me”

10. Mead I like Mead! Very Much!!!

11. Mead The “Me” portion is made up of the things learned through the socialization process. The “Me” makes normal social interaction possible

13. Mead  He said the self develops in 3 stages

14. Mead Preparatory stage-child imitates others

15. Mead Play stage-child has acquired language and not only imitates, but form role expectations: playing house, cops and robbers.

16. Mead o Game stage-child learns there are rules that specify the correct and proper relationship among the players. o We learn the expectations of various positions which we interact as well as the expectations of the general audience

17. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

18. Freud

19.  Id- the drives and instincts that every human inherits, mostly remain unconscious

20. Freud Superego -society’s norms and expectations, primarily learned from parents

21. Freud Ego-mediates the eternal conflict of the id and superego, also finds socially acceptable ways to express id’s drives.

22. Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

23. Erikson  Human development is accomplished in 8 stages

24. Erikson 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (up to 1 year) 2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-4) 3. Initiative vs. guilt (4-5) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) 5. Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence) 6. Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (30’s to 50’s) 8. Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

25. Daniel Levinson (1920-1994) No Pictures!!!!

26. Levinson He focused on adult development-said there were 6 stages

27. Levinson  Early adult period 18-22  Leave adolescence, make preliminary choices for life  Leave the family of origin

28. Levinson  Getting into adult world  22-28-  “form a dream”  Make initial choices in love, occupation, friendship and values

29. Levinson Age 30 transitional period- seeks to correct flaws Changes in life occur However, I have no flaws!

30. Levinson Settling down-has reworked flaws and seeks order and stability

31. Levinson  Age 40 transitional period-mid-life crisis

32. Levinson Beginning of middle adulthood-mid 40’s Reflect on life’s accomplishments

33. That’s All Folks!!