1. The Industrial Revolution The historical growth of economic globalization

3. Industrial Revolution (1700s-1900) ► using new sources of power to run machinery ► causes complete change in people’s lives = revolution

4. Requirements ► Excess capital ($) ► Available labor (modernization of farms) ► Encouragement of entrepreneurs ( can be related to religious/social values ) ► Natural resources (e.g. iron ore, coal) ► Energy resources (e.g. fossil fuels, water) ► Transportation and communication ► Stable government

5. England’s Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) ► 1700 – most people were in agriculture, most items made locally, subsistence farming, family focus including education ► 1900 – most people lived in cities, surplus manufacturing, improved transportation and communication, family no longer focus as people looked outwards for education and entertainment

6. Why England? ► Capital available due to increased agricultural production (Enclosure Movement) ► Increased labor pool as poor landless peasants were forced off the land (Enclosure Movement) ► Religious groups (especially Protestants) taught hard work would be blessed by God, which encouraged entrepreneurs. (On the other hand, in France business activity was seen as common and was looked down upon) ► Natural resources (timber and coal) were plentiful ► Waterways = easier transportation ► Stable government for 200 years

7. Why Textiles? ► demand for British cloth increasing, especially in colonies ► gadgets being created in homes to make spinning and weaving easier ► some gadgets hooked up to water source ► when steam engines were hooked up, that meant factories could be built anywhere

9. THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

10. Conditions for the Working Class (During the early part of the Industrial Revolution) ► child labor (women and children paid less) ► 12-16 hour days ► limited or no breaks for meals ► corporal punishment ► fear of losing job ► living miles away from the factory ► poor living conditions ► short life span

11. ► "Sarah Golding was poorly and so she stopped her machine. James Birch, the overlooker, knocked her to the floor. She got up as well as she could. He knocked her down again. Then she was carried to her house.......she was found dead in her bed. There was another girl called Mary......she knocked her food can to the floor. The master, Mr. Newton, kicked her and caused her to wear away till she died. There was another, Caroline Thompson, who was beaten till she went out of her mind. The overlookers used to cut off the hair of any girl caught talking to a lad. This head shaving was a dreadful punishment. We were more afraid of it than any other punishment for girls are proud of their hair." An interview in 1849 with an unknown woman who worked in a cotton factory as a child. ► "Sarah Golding was poorly and so she stopped her machine. James Birch, the overlooker, knocked her to the floor. She got up as well as she could. He knocked her down again. Then she was carried to her house.......she was found dead in her bed. There was another girl called Mary......she knocked her food can to the floor. The master, Mr. Newton, kicked her and caused her to wear away till she died. There was another, Caroline Thompson, who was beaten till she went out of her mind. The overlookers used to cut off the hair of any girl caught talking to a lad. This head shaving was a dreadful punishment. We were more afraid of it than any other punishment for girls are proud of their hair." An interview in 1849 with an unknown woman who worked in a cotton factory as a child.

15. Affects of the Industrial Revolution - Short Term Positive ► lower costs for items like clothing (= change of clothing that could be washed = more sanitary) ► death rates went down due to access to better food and medical care Negative ► slums created in cities ► abuse of the working class while the middle and upper class reaped the benefits

16. Changes to neighborhoods

22. Affects of the Industrial Revolution - Long Term Positive ► Access to cheaper goods increases middle class ► governments began to intervene on behalf of workers (laws to protect them). The life of the poor had always been difficult, now society began doing something about it Negative ► factory work can be very boring causing stress ► unemployment due to technological advances ► pollution, overpopulation, changes to family and social structures, military capability to destroy civilization

25. Political EffectsSocial EffectsEconomic Effects Child labor laws to end abuses Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth (e.g. Karl Marx) Trade unions Social reform movements, such as utopianism, socialism Long hours worked by children in factories instead of going to school Increased urban populations Poor city planning Loss of family stability Expansion of the middle class Employee care vs laissez-faire economics Encouragement of technological progress New inventions and development of factories Increased production and higher demands for raw materials Growth of worldwide trade Population explosion Development of sophisticated banking and investment systems Advances in transportation, agriculture and communication

27. New Economic Ideas

28. Capitalism ► During Industrial Revolution merchants began to complain about government restrictions ► They believed that the economy should be free to follow natural laws (supply and demand), not random laws of government

29. Basic Beliefs ► freedom: trade and choice ► individual needs are emphasized (when needs are met, society will benefit) ► value: self-reliance, initiative, hard work

30. Characteristics ► Private property ► Profit motive ► Price system (supply and demand) ► Competition ► Freedom to buy and sell ► Little government in the economy (no public schools or hospitals) ► Inequalities of wealth

31. Major Philosophers - Adam Smith ► if people free to satisfy their own wants, their actions would automatically work to improve the economy (invisible hand) ► government should only protect the country against foreign enemies, ensure competition, maintain law and order and protect individual property rights (laissez- faire), not help the less fortunate

32. Major Philosophers - David Ricardo ► increasing wages led to large families, led to too many workers and even lower wages than before ► the best and brightest will prosper and the unworthy will not (everyone is paid what they are worth)

33. Major Philosophers – Thomas Malthus ► population growth in the past was controlled by famine and disease ► government intervention (charity) would only unbalance the system ► competition would ensure that only the fittest would survive

34. New Lanark ► Early ideas of socialism

35. ► Robert Owen saw the abuses of the Industrial Revolution and believed that treating employees better will improve output ► Provided housing, education and health care for employees

36. Karl Marx ► Communism rises as a response to the disparity between rich and poor growing during the Industrial Revolution ► ‘Communist Manifesto’  Economic equality  Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie ► “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”