1. Climate Change

2. Need to have to memorize – no trick, just study Need to be able to explain/Answer questions about Example: In the Six Americas, some in the Cautious group would most likely Believe change is happening and want to take action Believe change is possible, but not in their lifetime or country Believe change is not too serious but will support action Believe change is not very likely and we should not be taking action until we are sure

3. Weather is the daily changes in atmospheric condition. This includes precipitation, temperature, cloud cover, visibility, etc. Weather can change from hour-to-hour and day-to- day. ©2013 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org 3

4. Weather is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun. This happens because the Earth is tilted and spins on its axis. This uneven heating gets the air and water in our atmosphere swirling around like a pot of boiling water, which causes wind and precipitation. ©2013 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org 4 The sun drives the water cycle, which moves water around the Earth. Earth’s tilted axis affects how the sun heats the Earth

5. Climate describes that average weather in an area over a long period of time. Data must be gathered for an area for at least 30 years to be considered relevant climate data. The Köppen Climate Classification System is used to classify climates around the world. An image of this system is on the next slide. In natural conditions, climate changes gradually over tens of thousands of years. ©2013 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org 5

6. Climate is affected by: Latitude: Areas at higher latitudes are generally colder. Prevailing winds: Global winds create areas of dry/humid and warm/cool climates around the Earth. Landforms: Mountains and large bodies of water can affect climate. Ocean currents: Warm and cold water currents affect climate in coastal areas. ©2013 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org 6 Mountains force rain for rising clouds, and have both wet and arid sides. Warm and cold currents affect coastal climates.

7. Sea Ice Sea Level Carbon Dioxide Global Temps Describe each! Will be learning more today (not on quiz, but on exam)

8. Main Gases: Nitrogen Oxygen Water Carbon Dioxide

9. CH4 – Methane: Natural Gas and Oil extraction  “fracking” Agriculture – Cows!  Industrial farms Melting ice releases trapped Methane  cyle CO2 – Carbon Dioxide: Burning Fossil Fuels (human combustion) Deforestation

10. N2O – Nitrous Oxide: Fuels Gas/oil extraction too H2O – Water  cycle Industrial Revolution  increase Last 50 years too  technology for extraction off fossil fuels

11. Measures CO2 for since 1950s Seasonal changes – plants Match temp historically too – that is why Keeling choose to use CO2 (vs the other 3 models that we had data for) Increased!

12. Carbon Sinks: Soil Terrestrial plants Algae Phytoplankton Carbon Sources: Cellular Respiration Decomposition Forest Fires Burring of Fossil Fuels (emissions)