1. QUIZ 2 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW October 16, 2014

2. PART A: DAYS AND NIGHTS 1. Define the following terms: a. axis – THE IMAGINARY LINE THAT RUNS THROUGH THE NORTH AND SOUTH POLES THAT EARTH ROTATES AROUND b. rotation – THE SPINNING MOTION THAT EARTH MAKES ONCE EACH DAY 2. Complete the following sentences: a. On the summer solstice, areas that are NORTH of the ARCTIC Circle will receive 24 hours of daylight. b. During the winter solstice, any place north of the Arctic Circle will receive 24 hours of DARKNESS.

3. PART A: DAYS AND NIGHTS 3. In the space below, explain why some days are longer than others.  EARTH’S AXIS IS TILTED 23.5 O.  EARTH ROTATES ON ITS AXIS.  AS EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN, WE WILL SEE LONGER PERIODS OF DAYLIGHT THE MORE WE ARE TILTED TOWARDS THE SUN. (SUMMER = LONG DAYLIGHT; WINTER = SHORT DAYLIGHT)

4. PART A: DAYS AND NIGHTS 4. Draw and label the lines on the diagram below: ANTARCTIC CIRCLE, ARCTIC CIRCLE, EQUATOR, TROPIC OF CANCER, TROPIC OF CAPRICORN.

5. PART B: SEASONS 5. Define the following terms: a. Tilt – THE ANGLE OF EARTH’S AXIS – 23.5 O b. Revolution – ONE COMPLETE TRIP OF EARTH AROUND THE SUN c. Direct Rays – SUN RAYS THAT HIT EARTH AT A HIGH ANGLE AND BRING MORE HEAT d. Indirect Rays – SUN RAYS THAT HIT EARTH AT A SLANTED ANGLE AND BRING LIGHT, BUT LITTLE HEAT e. Orbit – THE PATH EARTH FOLLOWS ON ITS REVOLUTION AROUND THE SUN

6. PART B: SEASONS 6. Complete the following statements: a. Twice each year, during the VERNAL/AUTUMNAL EQUINOXES, the Earth is not tilted towards or away from the sun, which is located directly above the equator on these days. b. We have seasons here because the Earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees. c. Once a year, the sun is located directly above the Tropic of Capricorn, giving most of the direct rays to that area. The areas north of the Tropic of Cancer are tilted away from the sun, causing them to be colder. In the Northern Hemisphere, we call this day the WINTER SOLSTICE. d. The earth makes one full revolution around the sun every 365 ¼ days.

7. PART B: SEASONS 6. e. On December 22 nd, during the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, it is colder and the days are shorter because: THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE IS TILTED AWAY FROM THE SUN, GIVING IT MORE INDIRECT RAYS AND LESS DIRECT RAYS, WHICH MAKES IT COLDER. f. Temperatures in the Tropics are warm all year because: THEY ARE CLOSE TO THE EQUATOR AND NOT EFFECTED BY TILT. THEY RECEIVE DIRECT RAYS ALL YEAR LONG. g. Seasons change in the Mid-Latitude areas (between the Tropics and the Circles) because: THEY ARE EFFECTED BY THE EARTH’S TILT. DURING SOME PARTS OF THE YEAR THEY ARE TILTED TOWARDS THE SUN AND RECEIVE MORE DIRECT RAYS. SOMETIMES THEY ARE TILTED AWAY AND RECEIVE LESS DIRECT RAYS.

8. PART B: SEASONS 7. Label the following latitude zones on the diagram below: LOW, MIDDLE, and HIGH.

9. PART C: CLIMATES 8. Name the climate region described in each of the statements below. a. This climate has hot, wet summers, and cold, somewhat wet winters. HUMID CONTINENTAL b. This climate has cool summer, but mild winters, and receives a good amount of rainfall each year. MARINE WEST COAST c. This high-latitude climate has short, mild summers with long, very cold winters. It gets precipitation, but not very much of it. SUBARCTIC

10. PART C: CLIMATES 8. Name the climate region described in each of the statements below. d. This climate has warm temperatures throughout the year, and although it has a very wet summer, it has a dry winter. TROPICAL SAVANNA/TROPICAL DRY e. This mid-latitude climate includes places like Los Angeles, where they have warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. MEDITERRANEAN f. The driest climate on Earth includes the Sahara desert, where temperatures can be warm or mild, but rainfall is very low and very unreliable. DESERT

11. PART C: CLIMATES 9. How does an ocean current affect the climate of a location? OOCEAN CURRENTS BRING WARM WATER TO HIGH LATITUDES AND COLD WATER TO LOW LATITUDES. AREAS CLOSE TO THE WATER WILL HAVE THEIR CLIMATE WARMED BY WARM CURRENTS, OR COOLED BY COLD CURRENTS