1. Heat and Thermal Energy Sources 14 Key Ideas Thermal energy influences temperature, density, pressure, and a substance’s physical state. Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Most of the thermal energy at Earth’s surface comes from the Sun. Earth’s interior has large quantities of thermal energy. CHAPTER

2. Temperature is an indicator of the average kinetic energy of particles. Kinetic energy is the energy that a substance has due to its motion. Temperature and Thermal Energy 14.1 VOCABULARY kinetic molecular theory kinetic energy temperature thermal energy

3. Temperature is commonly measured in degrees Celsius or in Kelvin. When the temperature of a substance increases, its particles move faster and spread out. This causes the substance to expand and become less dense. Temperature and Thermal Energy 14.1 VOCABULARY kinetic molecular theory kinetic theory temperature thermal energy

4. Thermal energy includes both kinetic energy and potential energy from the motion of particles and their relative positions and forces of attraction. thermal energy = (kinetic energy + potential energy)  number of particles 14.1 VOCABULARY kinetic molecular theory kinetic theory temperature thermal energy Temperature and Thermal Energy

5. Heat is defined as the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of differences in their temperature. Thermal energy always moves from warmer to cooler objects. Heat 14.2 VOCABULARY heat conduction radiation convection insulators specific heat capacity latent heat

6. Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is thermal energy transfer through direct contact of particles. Convection is a method of thermal energy transfer resulting from the movement of particles in fluids due to density differences. Radiation is the process by which thermal energy is transferred via electromagnetic waves, without particles touching. Heat 14.2 VOCABULARY heat conduction radiation convection insulators specific heat capacity latent heat HEAT RAP: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3 mfAGVn1c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3 mfAGVn1c

7. A substance’s specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy (measured in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 °C. Latent heat is the energy needed to change a substance from one state to another without changing temperature. Latent heat is absorbed or released during changes of state. Heat 14.2 VOCABULARY heat conduction radiation convection insulators specific heat capacity latent heat

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