1. Chapter 5- The Road to Revolution 7 th Grade US History Mr. Bennett 2015-2016

2. Section 2 Essential Question: How did the French and Indian War draw the colonists closer together but increase friction with Britain?

3. Results of the French and Indian War Great Britain now controlled territory from the Mississippi in the west, to the Atlantic Ocean in the east. France lost most of its land in North America American colonists were proud of their effort in helping the British defeat the French. Colonists developed a greater sense of unity British had massive war debts to pay off.

6. Conflict with Native Americans Problem: American colonists wanted to move into the Ohio River Valley. Native Americans lived their and wanted to keep their land. This led to… Another War

8. Pontiac’s War Fought between Natives and British/Americans Natives destroyed 6 military forts and killed more than 2,000 settlers British eventually win Because of the war, Britain decides to do something about the problem with the Native Americans in the west. They…

9. Proclamation of 1763 Issue the Proclamation of 1763 To avoid future conflicts with the Natives they draw line in the Appalachian Mountains that prohibits white settlement west of the mountains. Effect of the Proclamation Angered the colonists Believed they had a right to settle anywhere they wanted Ignored the line and settled there anyways.

11. British Rule Leads to Conflict War had brought colonists together. Saw themselves as loose collection of colonies Saw themselves as more American than British even though many were still loyal to the British. British still saw the colonies as a source of making money War had left British deeply in debt. Decide to use the colonies to pay off debts.

12. Sources of the Conflict British had to keep troops in the colonies in case the French tried to attack again. Taxes, taxes, and more taxes British decide to pay off their debts, they would tax the colonies Sugar Act British placed a duty or tax on several goods including sugar and molasses. British placed a duty or tax on several goods including sugar and molasses. Prohibited smuggling of the goods. Merchants protested

13. Quartering Act Parliament passed the Quartering Act which said that the British could force the American colonists to house and feed British soldiers stationed in the colonies. Colonists complained that this violated their rights.

14. The Stamp Act (1765) Parliament levied a tax on official documents and other goods used by the colonists. Included: newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land deeds, and contracts. The Act greatly angered the colonists Virginia House of Burgesses claimed that they alone had the power to tax its citizens. Patrick Henry, a member of the House of Burgesses gave a speech where he threatened to assassinate King George III

17. Stamp Act Consequences Merchants in NYC, Boston, and Philadelphia boycotted goods that had the special tax put on it. Protests soon spread to all of the colonies 9 of the colonies held a meeting and created a petition that they sent to King George III and Parliament demanding an end to the Sugar Act and Stamp Act taxes. The petition worked to a small degree. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act but Issued the Declaratory Act- said Parliament had total authority over the colonies.

18. Protests Spread British wanted to tax the colonists but also didn't’t want to anger them. Passed the Townshend Acts Allowed British customs officials to search and seize goods from the colonists. Angered colonists, they continued to boycott British goods. Protests and boycotts worked. British repealed the Townshend Acts. Removed taxes on all items except tea.

20. Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 Angry group of sailors and workers surrounded British soldiers. Threw rocks and snowballs at the soldiers British soldiers responded by opening up fire on the mob. Killed 5. Soldiers put on trial were defended by John Adams. Only 2 were found guilty.

22. Committees of Correspondence Started by Samuel Adams as a way to spread news of British injustices throughout the colonies.

23. 5.3- From Protest to Rebellion Objectives: Identify the causes of the Boston Tea Party Explain how the colonists protested the Intolerable Acts Describe the events that took place on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. Essential Question: How did British tax policies move the colonists closer to rebellion?

24. A Dispute Over Tea Parliament had repealed taxes on all goods except tea. Colonists were upset because they drank lots of tea and the tax was created without their consent. 1773- Britain passes the Tea Act: Actually lowered the price of tea Tea was now shipped directly from India to the colonies Angered the colonists because it gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales. Monopoly= total control of a market for a certain product. Monopoly hurt colonial tea merchants.

25. Boston Tea Party Sons of Liberty- a group that interfered with the British tea trade. Would organize in port cities and stop the tea from being unloaded in the colonies. Would threaten ship captains 12/16/1773 A group dressed as Native Americans boarded a ship in Boston Harbor and started dumping the tea. Dumped 90,000 pounds of tea worth thousands of dollars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xSrZaze14k

26. The Intolerable Acts Tea party outraged the British government and the King. Set out to punish Massachusetts. Parliament passes four laws that become called the Intolerable Acts: 1.Closed the port of Boston 2.Abolished the power of the Massachusetts legislature and cut the powers of town meetings 3.Anyone accused of murdering a British official would now be tried in England 4.Strengthened the Quartering Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deU_9QzH5sQ

27. Quebec Act Passed by Parliament. Claimed lands in between Ohio Valley and Missouri Valley for Canada Took land away from Western settlers. Blocked colonists from moving west.

29. Colonists Band Together Responded by helping the citizens of Boston Sent supplies that they could not get because of the port being closed.

30. First Continental Congress Organized by the Committee of Correspondence Philadelphia, September and October 1774 12/13 colonies sent delegates Demanded the repeal of the Intolerable Acts Colonies had a right to tax and govern themselves Started training militias New boycott on British goods Vowed to meet again in May 1775 if demands were not met.

31. The Shot Heard Round the World British would not meet the Congress’s demands. Used force to exert control Colonists formed citizen armies of militiamen called minutemen- citizen soldiers who could be ready to fight at a minute’s notice. Massachusetts governor, General Thomas Gage sent troops to investigate a claim that colonists were storing arms in Concord, a town 20 miles from Boston. British troops demanded the arms be taken…

32. The Shot Heard Round the World News of the conflict traveled quickly Paul Revere and William Dawes rode through the night to tell the minutemen that the British had 700 troops ready to fight. Five miles away, in Lexington, a group of 77 minutemen organized. British troops told them to disperse. They did not. Shots fired. No one knows who fired first..

33. The First Shot of the American Revolution Larger battle broke out in Concord. 4,000 Americans fired on and killed or wounded 300 British soldiers. British soldiers retreated back to Boston. Was now clear that the conflict would be resolved with war.

34. Section 4- The War Begins EQ: How did the American Revolution Begin? After Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Colonists thought the war would be over quickly and the British would surrender. They were wrong. Instead, the British sent more troops. Objectives: What issues faced the Second Continental Congress? Describe the differences between Patriots and Loyalists? What was the Olive Branch Petition and why did it fail? Explain the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill

35. The Second Continental Congress Many Americans were still loyal to the British Second Congress met in Philadelphia in May of 1775. Couldn’t all agree on independence First step was to prepare an army. Chose George Washington as the general of the Continental Army. Started printing money to pay the army. Congress started to act like a government.

36. Patriots Against Loyalists Patriots- colonists that wanted independence and were willing to fight for it. Loyalists- colonists who wanted to remain loyal to Britain and the king. About 1/3 of colonists. Many were wealthy and had gotten their jobs from the British government. Thousands fought alongside the British in the war. About 100,000 fled to Canada after the war.

38. Petitioning the King Second Continental Congress still hoped that peace could be reached. Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III Asked the King to stop the fighting Congress passed the Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking up Arms. “colonists were ready to “die freemen rather than die slaves.” King George ignored the Olive Branch… the fighting would continue.

39. An Important American Victory Fort Ticonderoga, NY Important for two reasons: Main route between Canada and Hudson River Valley Held cannons and lots of ammo Americans, the Green Mountain Boys seized the Fort by surprising the British late at night. Cannons later moved to Boston where Washington would use them to drive the British from the city.

40. Early Battles June 1775, British had about 10,000 troops in Boston 1600 occupied Breed’s Hill which overlooked the city and could be used to fire upon ships in the harbor. Americans held the hill next to it, Bunker Hill

41. Battle of Bunker Hill Americans needed to gain position on Breed’s Hill so they could attack British ships in the Harbor. Led by General William Howe, the British decided to attack straight up Breed’s Hill. Americans, lacking ammo, waited until the British got close, within 150 feet, opened fire, killing and wounding hundreds of British soldiers. British kept charging. They eventually forced the Americans to retreat but suffered tremendous losses.

42. Effects of Bunker Hill Convinced Americans they could fight the well-trained British army American soldiers still surrounded the city of Boston George Washington took over control of the army He strategically placed the cannons the Green Mountain Boys had stolen from Vermont on higher ground. British realized they could no longer defend the city. They withdrew and never returned.

43. War far from over Great Britain’s Advantages: Strongest navy in the world which was used to transport supplies and troops and set up a blockade- shutting off of ports to keep people or supplies from moving in or out. Hired mercenaries- soldiers who serve another country for money.

44. Invading Canada Washington trained troops in Boston Two others moved into Canada One led by Richard Montgomery The other by Benedict Arnold Americans suffered losses trying to invade Quebec and were forced to withdraw from Canada. King George III was confident after Bunker Hill that he could restore order in the colonies. Americans were not sure if they could defeat the strong British army