1. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

2. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition PART ONE The Materials of Music

3. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Unit I The Elements of Music Melody Meter Harmony Conjunct motion Homophonic Texture Dynamics Tempo

4. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Prelude: Listening to Music Today Typical places and ways of listening to music Understanding music requires active listening

5. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Some Practical Suggestions Practice Listening Guides and the Resource CD Knowledge of musical notation is not necessary Hear music in a live performance! Glossary (Appendix II) Listening activities with the Resource CD

6. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Attending Concerts Recordings vs. live concerts Art music vs. popular music

7. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition To find a concert, check listings: For on-campus concerts (Music Department) In local and college newspapers On Web sites of concert calendars

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9. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

10. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 1. Melody: Musical Line “It is the melody which is the charm of music, and it is that which is most difficult to produce. The invention of a fine melody is a work of genius.” - Haydn Joseph Haydn

11. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Bach: “The Well-Tempered Clavier” Melody: a coherent succession of single pitches Billings: “Chester” Defining Melody

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Note: musical symbol for sound Half note Quarter note Half note Eighth note

13. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Characteristics of Melody:Range “America” “Greensleeves” Strauss: Don Juan

14. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Characteristics of Melody: Contour Strauss: Don Juan Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker Mozart: Piano Concerto Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite

15. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Characteristics of Melody Beethoven: String Quartet No. 1 Conjunct Movement: A smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals.

16. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Characteristics of Melody Disjunct movement: A disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps. Brahms: Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77, III

17. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Structure of Melody Phrase: A unit of meaning within a larger structure, like a musical sentence. Cadence: A resting place in a musical phrase. Mozart: Symphony No. 40, I

18. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Structure of Melody Rhyme Scheme: Poetic phrases and musical phrases generally align. Billings: “Chester”

19. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Structure of Melody Countermelody: An added melody sounding against another melody. Prokofiev: Violin Concerto

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21. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

22. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 2. Rhythm: Musical Time Rhythm: Length, or duration of individual notes. Beat: Regular pulsation. Beethoven: “Turkish March” (duple) Accent: Beats that are stronger.

23. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 2. Rhythm: Simple Meter Duple Meter Triple Meter Quadruple Meter (Common Time) MeasureBar line

24. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 2. Rhythm: Meter Duple Meter Triple Meter Quadruple Meter (Common Time) Sousa: “Stars and Stripes Forever” Purcell: Rondeau from Abdelazar Vivaldi: The Four Seasons, “Autumn” Mahler: Symphony No. 1, III Brahms: Symphony No. 1, IV Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite

25. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time Metrical Patterns: Simple recurring patterns, typically 2, 3, or 4 beats grouped in a measure. Downbeats

26. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time: Compound Meter 6/8 9/8

27. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time: Compound Meter 6/8 9/8 Bach: Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring Corelli: Violin Sonata, Gigue Fauré: Pelleas et Melisande, “Sicilienne” 12/8

28. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time Syncopation: Deliberate disruption of pattern; accent shifted to a weak beat or offbeat. Borodin: Prince Igor, “Polovetsian Dances” Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, “Dance of the Youths…” Tchaikovsky: Piano Concerto No. 1

29. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time Polyrhythm: Simultaneous use of different rhythmic patterns. Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, “Sacrificial Dance…”

30. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time Additive Meter: Irregular grouping of beats in a larger pattern. Shankar: Bhimpalasi

31. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Time Nonmetric: Music without a strong sense of beat or meter. Gregorian chant: “Alleluia, emitte spiritum” Gregorian chant: “Venite, exsultemus domino”

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33. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

34. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 3. Harmony: Musical Space Vertical aspect of music Chord

35. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 3. Harmony: Musical Space Scale: A collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order. Do ti la sol fa mi re do Octave (descending) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

36. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Function of Harmony Triad: three-note chord, do-mi-sol or 1-3-5

37. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Organization of Harmony Tonic or keynote: First note of scale (do) is “home base” Tonality Major tonality Minor tonality Diatonic harmony Chromatic harmony

38. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Organization of Harmony:Tonality Major Tonality Minor Tonality Haydn: Symphony No. 94, III Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4, I Chopin: Mazurka Quiz Chopin: Prelude Vivaldi: Concerto for Piccolo Haydn: Symphony No. 45, I

39. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Organization of Harmony Diatonic Harmony Chromatic Harmony Quiz: Bach: The Well-Tempered Clavier, I “Joy to the World” Bach: Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue Wagner: Tristan und Isolde Haydn: Trumpet Concerto, III

40. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Consonance and Dissonance Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, “Dance of the Youths…” Mendelssohn: Midsummer Night’s Dream, Nocturne Shankar: Bhimpalasi Dissonance: Consonance: Drone:

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42. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

43. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 4. Musical Texture: Types of Texture Monophony: Single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment. Gregorian chant: Psalm 94, “Venite, exsultemus domino” Gregorian chant: Whitsunday Mass, “Alleluia, emitte…”

44. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 4. Musical Texture:Types of Texture Heterophony: Texture in which two or more voices (or parts) elaborate the same melody simultaneously, often the result of improvisation. African traditional, Gabon: “Porter’s Song” African traditional: “Herding Song”

45. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 4. Musical Texture: Types of Texture Polyphony: Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture. Nonimitative Polyphony (simultaneous melodies) Imitative Polyphony Rimsky-Korsakov: “Capriccio espagnol, Fandano asturiano” Bach: Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring Marenzio: “La bella ninfa mia” Handel: Concerto Grosso in G Bach: Concerto for Violin and Oboe, II

46. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 4. Musical Texture: Types of Texture Homophony: Texture with principal melody and accompanying harmony. Dvořák: Symphony No. 9, II Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite

47. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 4. Musical Texture: Types of Texture QUIZ: Monophony - Homophony –Polyphony Billings: “Chester” American traditional: “America” Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21 Mahler: Symphony No. 1, III Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 4, III

48. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Contrapuntal Devices Imitation –Canon Round –Ex.: “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”

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50. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

51. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 5. Musical Form: Structure and Design in Music Purcell: Rondeau from Abdelazar Chopin: Prelude in E Mozart: Piano Concerto, II Beethoven: String Quartet in F

52. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 5. Musical Form: Structure and Design in Music British traditional: “Greensleeves” Handel: Keyboard Suite No. 5 Shankar: Bhimpalasi

53. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Two-Part and Three-Part Form Brahms: Symphony No. 1, IV British traditional: “Greensleeves” Dvořák: Symphony No. 9, II

54. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Building Blocks of Form Theme: A melodic idea used as a building block in music. Thematic development Purcell: Rondeau from Abdelazar Thematic transformation (Berlioz: Symphony fantastique) Mvt. I Mvt. II Mvt. III Mvt. IV Mvt. V

55. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Building Blocks of Form: Theme Sequence Motive Handel: Concerto Grosso, II Purcell: Rondeau from Abdelazar Mozart: Symphony No. 40, I

56. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Building Blocks of Form African traditional: “Porter’s Song” Gregorian chant: Whitsunday Mass Couperin: “Les barricades misterieuses” Call and response, or responsorial Ostinato

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58. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

59. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 6. Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics, The Pace of Music Bach, C.P.E., Trio Sonata, I Handel: Sampson, “Let the Bright Seraphim” Mozart: Abduction from the Seraglio, Overture

60. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 6. Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics, The Pace of Music Glière: “Russian Sailor’s Dance” Smetana: The Moldau

61. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Loudness and Softness: Dynamics Strauss: Don Juan Fauré: Pelleas et Melisande, “Sicileinne” Mahler: Symphony No. 1, III Prokofiev: Classical Symphony, III

62. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Moving from One Dynamic to Another Smetana: The Moldau Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2

63. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Expression: Shaping the Expressive Content of Music Metronome Interpretation Chopin: Fantasie Impromptu (rubato)

64. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Unit II Musical Instruments and Ensembles

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66. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

67. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 7. Voices and Musical Instruments I: Musical timbre

68. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Voice as a Model for Instrumental Sound Soprano Mezzo Soprano Alto Tenor Baritone Bass Rossini: The Barber of Seville Verdi: Rigoletto, “La donna è mobile” Schumann: Die Soldatenbraut Bizet: Carmen, “Habanera” Handel: Messiah, “O thou that tellest”

69. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The World of Musical Instruments: Sachs-Hornbostel System Aerophones Chordophones Idiophones Membranophones

70. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 8. Musical Instruments II Western Families String Instruments (chordophones) Bowed and plucked Bowed (rosin) Violin [video]video Viola [video]video Violoncello (Cello) [video]video Double bass [video]video “Heart of the Orchestra”

71. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Special Effects of the Bowed String Family Legato Staccato Pizzicato Vibrato Glissando Tremolo Trill Double-stopping Triple- or quadruple- stopping Harmonics

72. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Plucked String Instruments Harp [video]video Pedals Arpeggio Guitar [video]video Fretted fingerboard

73. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Woodwind Instruments (Aerophones) Played by blowing air into a mouth hole, or mouthpiece fitted with single or double reeds Holes in the body of the instrument Flute [video]video Piccolo [video]video Oboe [video]video English horn [video]video Clarinet [video]video Bass clarinet [video]video Bassoon [video]video Contrabassoon [video]video Saxophone Tenor [video]video

74. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Brass Instruments (Aerophones) All have metal mouthpiece attached to metal tubing that flares at the end into a bell –Mute Valves, keys, slides in tubing Lips “buzz” and act as double reed –Embouchure Trumpet [video]video French horn [video]video Trombone [video]video Tuba [video]video Cornet,bugle [video]video fluegelhorn, [video] euphonium, [video] sousaphonevideo

75. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Percussion Instruments (Idiophones and Membranophones) Timpani or kettledrums [video]video Xylophone [video]video Marimba [video] Vibraphone [video]video Glockenspiel [video]video Celesta Chimes or tubular bells

76. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Percussion: Indefinite pitch Snare drum or side drum [video]video Tenor drum Bass drum [video]video Tom-tom, tambourine [video], castanets [video], triangle [video], cymbals [video], gongvideo

77. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Other Instruments Piano (pianoforte) [video]video Electric piano Organ [video]video Harpsichord [video]video

78. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 9. Musical Ensembles Choral Groups –A cappella singing –Chorus = large group –Choir = smaller group

79. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 9. Musical Ensembles Instrumental Chamber Ensembles –String quartet –Duo sonata –Trio, quartet, quintet, etc.

80. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Orchestra: Western Symphony Orchestra –Strings –Woodwinds –Brass –Percussion

81. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Bands Wind, Marching, Rock, Jazz

82. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Role of the Conductor Leader of large ensembles Time and tempo Baton Interpret The concertmaster

83. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Orchestra in Action Benjamin Britten: The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (Listening Guide) Subtitled Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell –Theme and 13 short variations –Fugue based on a fragment of the Purcell theme Listening Guide PDF

84. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 10. Style and Function of Music in Society Sacred music Secular music

85. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Musical Styles in History Style Genre Medium Historical periods Medieval Era Renaissance Era Baroque Era Classical Era Romantic Era Twentieth Century

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