1. BLM FOR THE INJECTORS PROJECT LINAC4 & PSB Linac4 Beam Coordination Committee - Meeting 33 (31/05/2012) Christos Zamantzas (christos.zamantzas@cern.ch)

2. Introduction This project has undertaken the task to develop up-to-date Beam Loss Monitoring Systems for the Injectors. Mainly, Build a generic, highly configurable and high-performing system Acquisition part to accept several detector types Use reprogrammable parts to target all injectors’ requirements Team members: BI/BL: M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, W. Vigano, M. Kwiatkowski, C. Zamantzas and support from: E. Effinger, J. Emery, G. Venturini, E. Nebot Del Busto BI/SW: E. Angelogiannopoulos, S. Jackson, L. Jensen christos.zamantzas@cern.ch2L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

3. Outline System overview Installation overview Budget estimations Specifications Development planning christos.zamantzas@cern.ch3L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

4. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

5. System Architecture christos.zamantzas@cern.ch5L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

6. Acquisition Crate 6 Acquisition module (BLEDP) Up to 8 modules with 8 channel each Main panel Ref. current Input LEDs Power switch Control Unit Later version w/ advanced remote functions christos.zamantzas@cern.chL4 BCC – 31/05/2012 Custom Backplane Support 64 connectors and relays for the input channels and distribute signals

7. Acquisition module (BLEDP) christos.zamantzas@cern.ch7L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 Backplane connection Analogue inputs, power and control SFP connectors Gigabit optical and/or Ethernet links FPGA Altera Cyclone IV JTAG connection Local programming and diagnostics Acquisition digitisation of 8 channels Currently verifying version 2 of the printed circuit board Currently verifying version 2 of the printed circuit board

8. DPFC principle A status signal selects in which branch of a fully deferential stage the input current is integrated. Two comparators check the deferential output voltage against a threshold, whenever is exceeded, the status signal changes to the complementary value (0 ! 1 or 1 ! 0) and the input current is integrated in the other branch. christos.zamantzas@cern.ch8L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

9. DPFC data processing christos.zamantzas@cern.ch9 0 Time counts 2 μs ADC values th high th Low  The number of accumulated counts are combined with the ΔADC values to calculate the integrated loss over a 2 μs period.  Most of the operations are handled by the FPGA. That is,  Defines start and stop of the acquisition period  Keeps a count of the number of pulses occurred in the acquisition period,  Clocks the ADC circuitries and makes differences of the recorded ADC values  Finally, processes the data and provides the 2 μs integral per channel L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

10. Acquisition principle (DPFC & DADC) The input channel circuit is able to measure current input from 10pA to 200mA. The measurement of the current input is performed by two different techniques: 1)Dual Polarity Current to Frequency Converter (DPFC) used in the range 10pA to 30mA 2)Direct ADC acquisition (DADC) used in the range 20.3µA to 200mA 10 No gain change required: The switch between the 2 ranges is managed by the FPGA. If the maximum DPFC counts is reached, the FPGA switches the circuit to the DADC mode. When the value of the DADC falls below a threshold, the FPGA switches the circuit to the DPFC mode. The sum of all parts is calculated in the FPGA and transmitted as a 2 us sample. christos.zamantzas@cern.chL4 BCC – 31/05/2012 DPFC

11. Processing Electronics Processing Mezzanine  New design to match the acquisition modules  2 SFP modules (gigabit Optical links and Ethernet)  Cyclone IV (150K logic elements) FPGA Processing and triggering modules  Standard BI card, i.e. VME64x VME crates with BI custom backplane  Broadcast of timing events to the modules  Daisy-chain of beam permit signals  Same as LHC system christos.zamantzas@cern.ch11L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

12. Processing Mezzanine (BLEPM) christos.zamantzas@cern.ch12L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 2 SFP modules gigabit Optical links and Ethernet FPGA Cyclone IV 150K logic elements Connectors to the mainboard JTAG connection Local programming and diagnostics

13. INSTALLATION OVERVIEW

14. Cable choices overview Signal: Coaxial (double shielded) CKB50CKB50 HV cable: CBH50CBH50 Connectors/Plugs: custom-made triaxial  Prototypes should arrive in a couple of weeks christos.zamantzas@cern.ch14 Machine # ch Signal cable HV cableCable trayspare cables Comments LINAC4 25Coaxial (double shielded)singleyes installation completed except connectors PSB 116Coaxial (double shielded)singlenoyes (ring)new cables requested for LS1 L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 was 48

15. Ionization Chamber LINAC4 cabling christos.zamantzas@cern.ch15  Screen of HV BNC is open on the IC side to assure there is no ground loop.  Internal screen to shield low frequency noise (GND only on electronics side, IC is floating).  External screen to shield high frequency noise. enclosed in cable traytube L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 ~ 200 m~ 5 m~ 1 m BNC SMA TRIAX Connector Types: CKB 50 BNCSMA Acquisition Card (BLEDP) External Screen 2 Internal Screen 1 Signal HV Power Supply (~1500 V) HV BNC

16. Pictures of the installation Rack will include: Acquisition crate Processing (VME) crate HV Power supply for the detectors User Interface to BIS (i.e. CIBU) christos.zamantzas@cern.ch16L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 Separated enclosed cable tray Metallic cable tube for the last few meters Enclosed and extended front for cables and fibres Fans on the rack top Standard and Uninterrupted Power Supply connections

17. BUDGET ESTIMATIONS

18. Summary of budget needed christos.zamantzas@cern.ch18 EstimateBudget *diff LINAC4BLM156,100133,000-23,100 PSB BLM371,2200-371,220 BLO134,52477,000-57,524 TOTAL661,844210,000-451,844 * Budget values for LINAC4 and PSB-BLO are from last EVMs * Budget values for PSB in the Injector Consolidation document is shared with PS and does not include cablingInjector Consolidation Note: Latest version of the calculations can be found at: https://espace.cern.ch/project-blm-inj/Shared%20Documents/Budget.xlsx  LINAC4 calculation still close on estimate  PSB calculation is estimated with new cables - average of 60m  BLM system: detectors assumed Ionisation Chambers and taken from the LHC spares  BLO system: detectors are diamonds L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

19. SPECIFICATIONS

20. Acquisition & Processing Synchronisation is required with the start of the cycle to  Perform calculation of integration periods and  Schedule comparisons with their corresponding threshold values  Record high frequency observation data  Schedule the data readout and publish by the CPU Synchronisation to be achieved by  Use the Start of Cycle event received through the timing system.  Dedicated timing card with broadcast in the backplane.  Sync will be done at the processing level (i.e. 2 samples jitter between cards). christos.zamantzas@cern.ch20L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

21. Integration Periods Continuously the processing electronics will calculate 4 integration period values for each channel: 2  s, 400  s, 1 ms and 1.2 s (full cycle)  implemented as moving sum windows in the hardware  calculation refreshed at acquisition frequency Compare with predefined thresholds  Machine protection with hardware implementation comparisons on each refresh  Limit radiation levels with software implementation comparisons at end of cycle  See also next slide. Calculate for each channel the maximum values recorded on each integration period during the cycle  Publish them for the online displays and  the long-term logging christos.zamantzas@cern.ch21L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

22. Threshold Comparisons Hardware implementation part: All calculated integration period values, i.e from 2  s to 1.2 s, will be constantly checked against their threshold values:  4 threshold values, one for each of the integration periods.  Comparisons happen at the refresh period – that is, every 2  s  In the case the measured values exceed those the beam permit signal will be removed for all users  The blocked beam permit signal will be latched until an operator acknowledges. The threshold values will be need to be set unique per channel:  Each card will process 8 channels Software implementation part: All maximum integration period values recorded on the cycle will be checked against a second set of threshold values. The outputs will be used for repeated over threshold function  Additional threshold values for the same integration periods will also be required.  In the case found to be over threshold repeatedly n times it will be required to block that user’s injections.  The blocked beam permit signal will be latched until an operator acknowledges.  The repeat value n will be settable per monitor in the range of 1 to 16. The threshold values will need to be unique per user and per channel:  Each CPU will process 8 cards x 8 channels  The information of the current user has to be obtained from the telegram per cycle -> dedicated timing card  Memory for 32 users will be reserved. christos.zamantzas@cern.ch22L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

23. Beam Permit Logic System [HW and/or SW] will block injections  i.e. “remove permit” if losses over threshold System [SW] will remember if the user is allowed to have beam  i.e. “give permit” if previous cycle for the user was ok (or previous interlocks were cleared) The Beam Interlock Controller will be configured in the “Non-latch” mode.  i.e. the system will need to follow timing and notify in advance. Aiming to keep the maximum latency (from measurement to output) small  HW: The target for the fast integration periods is ~ 5 μs  SW: Block on next cycle Only data from the current cycle need to be considered.  Timing in the electronics essential (i.e. possible failure mode) christos.zamantzas@cern.ch23L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

24. Ambient Radiation Measurement Calculate and log the ambient radiation measured at each cycle Processing electronics will provide two values:  total accumulated in the cycle (already described) and  total accumulated with beam present Subtraction of the two values in CPU Additional timing events to be used for the recording Values will come together with number of samples used in the recording to allow accurate conversion to user-friendly units, i.e. Gy, Gy/s, … Publish values for the online displays and the long-term logging christos.zamantzas@cern.ch24L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

25. Evolution Over Time buffer Record detailed observation data  Publish on the online displays  Log on demand LINAC4:  2  s samples for 1 ms during beam presence PSB:  1 ms samples for 600 ms during beam presence  2  s samples for 1 ms with adjustable start (aka Capture) Readout and transmission window by CPU during beam-out period christos.zamantzas@cern.ch25L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

26. Evolution & Capture functions christos.zamantzas@cern.ch26 2748751200 0 Time [ms] SoC Cycle n 275 LINAC4 2 μs integral x 500 samples 274 Cycle n+1 transmission windowrecording window PSB 1 ms integral x 600 samples L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 2μs integral x 500 samples [adjustable 1 ms window]

27. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

28. Documentation and Tracking Information and documents (SharePoint)  http://cern.ch/blm-inj http://cern.ch/blm-inj Drawings, PCB schematics and Code (SVN)  https://svnweb.cern.ch/cern/wsvn/be-bi-bl/electronics/blminj/ https://svnweb.cern.ch/cern/wsvn/be-bi-bl/electronics/blminj/ Development tracking (JIRA)  http://issues.cern.ch/browse/BIBMJ http://issues.cern.ch/browse/BIBMJ christos.zamantzas@cern.ch28L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

29. PCB Development Acquisition module (BLEDP)  Prototype (ver. 2) currently under verification  Adjustment of input filters  Improvement of power-up sequence  Ver. 3 planned for end of the year – after measurements completed Acquisition Backplane (BLEBP)  Prototype (ver. 1) completed verification  Ver. 2 planned for November  Better separation of signal and power lines Processing mezzanine (BLEPM)  Prototype (ver. 1) completed verification  Ver. 2 next year – no major changes expected Processing & Triggering module (BLEPT)  Complete and produced Production of (all remaining) PCBs expected Q3 2013  After validation of all parts and their interoperability christos.zamantzas@cern.ch29L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

30. Code development All interfaces developed and tested  High speed ADCs  Digital potentiometers  Gigabit optical links  Power supply monitoring and controls  Temperature and humidity sensors  Unique module serial number  etc … Firmware can be loaded and stored on the on-board flash memories of all FPGAs First version of the VME interface for the Intel CPU  64bit Multiplexed BLock Transfer [MBLT] christos.zamantzas@cern.ch30L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

31. First results with prototype Logic analyser running in the FPGA, i.e. SignalTap Records the “positive” and “negative” pulses Records the ADC values Next step: add the combination algorithm, etc. christos.zamantzas@cern.ch31L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 Developing the DPFC data processing algorithm:

32. System for Beam Measurements Add a gigabit Ethernet module and connect to the network Develop the TCP/IP and UDP stacks in the FPGA firmware -> NIOSII softcore Develop a server to be included in the FPGA -> compiled C++  accept commands, prepare data requested and transmit Develop a client application in Java  send commands, store and display data christos.zamantzas@cern.ch32L4 BCC – 31/05/2012 First versions ready. atm, one channel processed data only. Expected for measurements in PS end of September

33. FPGA & FESA Real-Time software Definition of the memory map  CPU in readout simulation mode  Start development of driver, RT software, etc.  Updated version of memory map (LINAC4) Develop VME block transfer  Needed for extracting all data requested  First version of (M)BLT - end of September Test-bench: VME crate with bare carrier boards  Intel CPU  Firmware with dummy vectors  Timing  First version of RT could start being implemented christos.zamantzas@cern.ch33L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

34. SUMMARY

35. Summarising Reliable tunnel installation  Monitors will be Ionisation Chambers  High immunity to EMI with special cables, connectors and enclosed cabletrays High performance acquisition electronics  Automatic range selection  Dynamic range = 10 11  In-system calibration mode (will have remote execution in the future) Modular processing electronics  High availability of resources (~350’000 Logic Elements)  Embedded bidirectional gigabit links  Additional gigabit Ethernet link (for dedicated measurements) Production and planning well defined and on schedule  Six new printed circuit boards under design  Second iteration of the PCBs currently under validation – no blockers found  Five FPGAs under design  All interfaces implemented  Working currently on the processing parts and on adding speed improvements  Main processing and VME server to start on September  Test-benches for verification, software development and measurements  All parts available in the lab  Beam measurements in October christos.zamantzas@cern.ch35L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

36. THANK YOU

37. RESERVED SLIDES

38. General Information Useful information on the LINAC4 and PSB requirements can be found in the following links: Beam Interlock Specifications for LINAC4, Transfer Lines and PS Booster with LINAC4 [https://edms.cern.ch/document/1016233/0.3]https://edms.cern.ch/document/1016233/0.3 Notes on the Beam Loss Monitoring System for LINAC4 and PSB [link]link  Description of all important info, specific implementations, etc  Documents under preparation.  Meeting notes Summary table of requirements [link]link  Result from discussions the BL and SW sections had with OP christos.zamantzas@cern.ch38L4 BCC – 31/05/2012

39. Prices used for the estimation christos.zamantzas@cern.ch39 Monitor IC1500 SEM0 ACEM0 LIC0 Module Mezzanine (prototype)50000new development; will be split between projects Carrier (production)2500VME64x re-production Mezzanine (production)400 Processing2900not including protyping costs prototype100000new development; will be splitted between projects production1500price per card to produce Mezzanine300assuming gigabit link Acquisition1800not including protyping costs Combiner & Survey2000needs re-production Acquisition crate chassis500 backplane1000 power supply300 Complete crate1800 Processing crate Complete crate (renovation)10000In the renovations the CPU is paid by CO cpu3000 Complete crate (new construction)13000In a new construction need to add the CPU cost Rack12400Value estimated from LINAC4 request by JCG Installation signal cable20price per metre for double shielded coaxial HV cable5price per metre HV power supply1100(730 Euro) should add as many as possible for better measurements Cable patch & Signal boxes208 Cabling and boxes for 1 BLM: HV cabling: Plug 2 * 33.0CHF/p ; cable 1CHF/m * 10 m -> total = 76CHF/ cable BNC cabling: Plug 2 * 16CHF/p ; cable 1CHF/m * 10 m -> total = 42CHF/ cable Box: 45 CHF/p; HV Socket 3 * 11.0CHF/p ; BNC Socket 2*6CHF/p -> 90CHF/P 208CHF/BLM L4 BCC – 31/05/2012