1. Unit 3 Table of Contents: The 13 Colonies Item/Description 1.Bellwork 2.Notes: The Beginning of the 13 Colonies 3.Roanoke Theory Handout 4.Notes: Jamestown 5.Indentured Servant Contract 6.13 Colonies Map 7.Jamestown Handouts 8.Notes: New England Colonies 9.The Mayflower Compact Handout 10.Notes: Middle Colonies 11.Middle Colonies Handout

2. Item/Description 12.Notes: Southern Colonies 13.Southern Colonies Video Facts 14.Notes: The Carolina Colony 15.The Second Carolina Charter Handout 16.Notes: Colonial Government 17.Fundamental Constitution of Carolina 18.Notes: Changing to a Royal Colony 19.Royal Government Chart and Questions 20.Notes: The Regulator Movement 21.SC Townships Map 22.Regulator Movement Poster

3. The Beginning of the 13 Colonies

4. England’s First Attempt at Settlement  Queen Elizabeth I…the “Virgin Queen”

5.  Sends Sir Walter Raleigh to create settlement in the New World  Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

6. Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

7. A New King  Following Queen Elizabeth I’s death, she is succeeded on the throne by James I  James I is very interested in expanding his empire  Eager to create colonies in the New World

8. Problem…  James I does not want the government to pay for the colonies  He encourages private businesses to create colonies  Ex: The London Company- this was a joint stock company

9. Jamestown

10.  Started in 1607 (Virginia)  Got off to a slow start  Many Problems: shortages of food, disease, weather issues, poor water/swampy location, too many gentleman, not enough workers, etc.  Nearly failed  John Smith, Native Americans,(Pocahontas)

15. The Headright System  The London Company begins the Headright System  Every “head” you brought to the colony, you received a certain amount of land  Encouraged large farms or plantations

16. Cash Crop  Tobacco (John Rolfe: milder version)  King James at first discouraged tobacco- “the stinking weed”  Later, he saw the tax benefits and encouraged the growth of tobacco

17. Indentured Servants  Tobacco increases demand for labor  This leads to indentured servants  A person who signs a contract agreeing to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World

18. African Slaves  Indentured Servants cannot provide enough labor to satisfy the demands of the tobacco plantations  Need a new source of labor  Started to import African slaves

19. Bellwork Monday 9/15/14 How did Captain John Smith save the Jamestown settlement?

20. House of Burgesses  London Company encourages the establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619  Designed to give the settlers a voice in the governance of the colony  Although not completely democratic, this assembly kept the English political traditions established with the Magna Carta

21. House of Burgesses

22. Magna Carta  The Great Charter  One of the first documents to protect the rights of freed individuals  Forced the king to obey laws and to consult others before raising taxes

23. The Virginia Colony  Jamestown grew into the colony of Virginia and established the pattern for the southern colonies  Cash crops, big farms or plantations, lots of labor (slaves), entirely agricultural

25. The New England Colonies

26.  Founded for religious reasons mostly by groups persecuted in England  Puritans, Separatists, Pilgrims (all the same people) land at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts (1620)  Mayflower Compact: American democracy, the idea that people formed the government

27. The New England Colonies Map goes on p. 10  Label and color the map  On the bottom, explain what the geography was like, why they were settled and how they made money (the overall region…not the individual colonies)  Both handouts go on p. 10

28. The Pilgrims Survive  Received help from the Native Americans  A much larger group of Puritans landed at Massachusetts Bay  The Pilgrims established a democratic form of government

29. The Pilgrims

30. Pilgrim’s Government  All male church members could vote  Town Meetings and General Assemblies

31. Pilgrim’s Way of Life  The Pilgrims harvested lumber, built ships, engaged in trade and in manufacturing  They established schools (kids-Bible)  People who didn’t agree were exiled (Dissenters)  The ideas of the Pilgrims spread across New England

32. New England Colonies…Bottom Line  Religious Similarity, Thriving Economy based on Trade and a Democratic Government

33. The Middle Colonies

34.  At the bottom of the map, explain why the Middle Colonies were called the “Bread Basket Region”  Also, explain why the Middle Colonies differed religiously from the New England region

35. The Middle Colonies  “The Bread Colonies”  Diverse origins of settlers (Dutch: New York, Swedes: Delaware, Quakers: Pennsylvania)  Pennsylvania: William Penn granted land from King for payment of debt. Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor  Pennsylvania had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region (Middle Colonies)

36. MMMMM…..Bread!

37.  Good relations with Native Americans  Promoted religious tolerance…more so than the strict New England colonies

38. Bottom Line….The Middle Colonies  Bread colonies (grow food crops and raise animals), greatest diversity of people and religions  Some skilled craftsman and some trade

39. The Southern Colonies

40.  Entirely agricultural  Large slave population  Small number of wealthy landowners

41. Wednesday 9/24/14 Why did the southern colonies choose agriculture as their primary source of income?

42. The Carolina Colony

43.  Founded as a proprietary colony  King Charles II granted land to 8 proprietors in payment of a debt (just like with Pennsylvania)  Proprietors hope to make a profit by charging quitrents  Hired John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

44. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina  Includes policy for religious toleration-to attract settlers  Included a policy for a social class system based on land ownership…this policy was never carried out but showed a difference between the southern and New England colonies which emphasized equality

45. The Headright System  Every “head” you brought to the colony, you received a certain amount of land  More people= More land  Led to the establishment of large plantations with cash crops

46. First Settlers in Carolina  British from Barbados  Brought a well-developed slave system with them  Settlers from other European nations (France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland) were at the settlement  Diverse religious backgrounds (Protestants, Huguenots, Jewish)

47. Government  At first the Lords Proprietors controlled the government through a governor and a grand council  Grand Council = Representatives of the Proprietors + Carolina Elite + Representatives of the Common People of the Colony  Just as with the other colonies, Carolina had some degree of democracy from the beginning

48. Take out a blank sheet of paper and number 1-13

49.  Label the 13 colonies on a sheet of paper  This will count as a quiz grade!  Extra Credit: List the colonies that belong in the southern, middle and new England colonies #1 #13 #11 #12 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2

50. Colonial Government

51. 8-1.6: Colonial Government  SC starts as a proprietary colony  Proprietors in charge, represented by a governor

52.  In order to attract more settlers, the proprietors started to share some of their power with property owners  A political elite developed  The more land you own = the power you got  The most powerful people in SC were the large landowners (Plantations)

53. The Grand Council  Made laws (including tax laws) for the colony  Bicameral (two houses) assembly…most English colonies had this

54.  The Proprietors and the elite had more representation (power) in government than the common people  The Grand Council decided that a majority of each group (the Proprietors, Elite and Common People) should have an equal say in the government

55. Problem…..  Each group did not represent a proportional amount of the population  Ex: Very few plantation owners but they have just as much power as the other groups

56. Another Problem…..  Lowcountry representation was much greater than that of the Backcountry  In order to represent the common people, the Grand Council established the Commons House of Assembly

57. Changing to a Royal Colony

58. A Royal Colony  Controlled by the King (wants control of the colonies)  The King appointed a governor to represent him  Most colonies eventually became Royal colonies  The King revoked their charters (Proprietors, Joint Stock Companies, etc. )

59.  SC became a royal colony at the invitation of the colonists  Too many problems with the Proprietors  Considered Proprietors to be “absentee landlords” (wanted rent but offered no protection)  Proprietors considered SC to be disobedient and not making enough money

60.  The king was able to reach a financial agreement with the Proprietors and SC became a royal colony  The colony was split into two: North and South Carolina

61. Royal Colony Government  The king appointed a governor to run SC  However, SC continued to have a self government through their representative assembly  This limited the royal governor’s power because they assembly controlled the taxes and paid the governor’s salary

62. Economic Advantages of a Royal Colony  English government offered increased subsidies for naval stores  Allowed merchants to sell rice directly to foreign countries  Established townships in the backcountry to encourage migration

63. After the quiz…..  Read p. 41-51  I am checking the following: p. 21 and p. 26 in your notebook (Barbados Connection and FCC w/Cooper reading)

64. The Regulator Movement

65. The Backcountry of SC  More immigrants began moving to the backcountry of SC (Scotch Irish and Germans)  Population in the backcountry began to outnumber the population in the lowcountry  Despite having a large population, the backcountry still had less representation in the Assembly than the lowcountry

66. The Regulator Movement  During the mid 1700s, horse thieves and criminals began moving to the backcountry  There was no courts, jails or law enforcement of any kind (received no help from the gov’t…remember controlled by the lowcountry!)  Settlers in the backcountry began to take the law into their own hands…The Regulator Movement

67.  The Regulator Movement was a vigilante group  Eventually it grew out of hand and the gov’t of SC stepped in  They established courts, districts and law enforcement to help police the area

68. SC Townships Map  This will go on p. 33 in your notebook  Copy and label the map found on p. 51 in your textbook Regulator Assignment  This will go on p. 34 in your notebook  Read and answer the questions using p. 64-66