1. Ocean Pollution Ch 13.5

2. http://chrisjordan.com/gallery/midway/#CF 000668%2016x21http://chrisjordan.com/gallery/midway/#CF 000668%2016x21

3. Where does pollution come from? Based on the origin, ocean pollution is divided into 2 categories: –Nonpoint source pollution –Point source pollution

4. Nonpoint source pollution Many sources Difficult to trace Difficult to control & regulate

5. Examples of nonpoint source Lawn fertilizers Watercraft oil (especially 2 stroke engines) Parking lot waste Herbicides Pesticides

6. Point source pollution Point of origin can be identified Pollutant can be controlled & regulated

7. Examples of point sources Manufacturing plants Sewer plants Leaking oil tankers Trash barges

8. Sources of Pollution NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES

9. Industry Nitrogen oxides from autos and smokestacks; toxic chemicals, and heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries. Cities Toxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters; sewage adds nitrogen and phosphorus. Urban sprawl Bacteria and viruses from sewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds and close beaches; runoff of fertilization from lawns adds nitrogen and phosphorus. Construction sites Sediments are washed into waterways, choking fish and plants, clouding waters, and blocking sunlight. Farms Run off of pesticides, manure, and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Red tides Excess nitrogen causes explosive growth of toxic microscopic algae, poisoning fish and marine mammals. Healthy zone Clear, oxygen-rich waters promote growth of plankton and sea grasses, and support fish. Oxygen-depleted zone Sedimentation and algae overgrowth reduce sunlight, kill beneficial sea grasses, use up oxygen, and degrade habitat. Toxic sediments Chemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds, kill spawning fish, and accumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders. Closed shellfish beds Closed beach Oxygen-depleted zone

10. How we (people) contribute Urban sprawl –Sewers that malfunction –Lawn fertilizers add N & P Cities –Metals & oil from streets & parking lots Construction sites –Sediments choke fish & plants Farms –Pesticides, manure & fertilizer runoff Industry –Variety of chemicals added in effluents (sometimes heavy metals)

11. What’s the effect? Coastal areas are negatively impacted. 40% of world’s population lives within 60 miles of the coast In coastal developing countries, waste is dumped into the sea without treatment (both sewage & industrial waste).

12. An amazing (but gross) fact: 85% of the sewage from large cities along the Mediterranean sea (200 million people) is dumped into the sea without treatment.

13. In the USA 1/4 of people using beaches develop: –Ear infections –Gastrointestinal disease –Sore throats & eyes –Respiratory disease

14. Closer to home… 10 million hogs live east of I-95 1:5 ratio http://www.scorecard.org/env-releases/aw/nc-hog- campaign.tcl "Cleaning Up Hog Waste in NC" Environmental Defense article

15. Waterkeeper Alliance Letter to Mr. Ross

16. Solutions…what YOU can do! Use fertilizer at recommended amounts. Apply fertilizer when it’s going to stay on the garden/yard. Maintain your septic tank. Write your elected officials to support clean water legislation.

17. May 2, Wednesday Join the Neuse Riverkeeper & others in Raleigh, NC Discuss water issues with our local legislators (we’ll learn about them in advance) Transportation provided by NC Conservation Network (they sponsor the charter bus) Interested…raise your hand…I need an idea of #s for Mr. Baldwin