1. BELL QUIZ: PAGES 52-53 1.According to English philosopher John Locke what three rights are all people born with? 2.Also according to Locke what is a Social Contract? 3.What right do the people have if government violates the social contract? 4.What three groups of people were excluded from the Declaration of Independence’s “All men are created equal” phrase? 5.Why did the Founding Fathers create a weak central government with the Articles of Confederation (p. 66-67)?

2. BELL QUIZ ANSWERS 1.Life, Liberty and property. 2.People give their consent to be governed and will follow government as long as the government protects the natural rights of the people. 3.The people have the right to overthrow the government. 4.Women, Native Americans, and Slaves. 5.The nation had just declared independence from a strong central government led by a tyrant. They did not want to return to a similar style of government. That fear led to the creation of a central government that was too weak.

3. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Assignment: Use pages 66-67 of your textbook AND the Articles of Confederation handout to… 1.Draw a picture or create a diagram that shows… A. How our government was the organized under the Articles of Confederation. B. the powers that both the National Government possessed. C. the weaknesses of the Article of Confederation (lack of powers).

4. NEW GOVERNMENT A. Articles of Confederation (1781-1788): Organization, strengths vs. weaknesses. B.Constitution of the U.S. (1788): 6 Principles 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Limited Government 3. Separation of Powers 4. Checks and Balances 5. Judicial Review 6. Federalism: delegated/enumerated powers vs. reserved powers.

5. GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE The government set up by the Articles was simple. Only 1 branch of government existed: Congress Delegates were chosen yearly by each state. Each state had one vote no matter what its population was. The Articles established no executive or judicial branches. Each year the Congress would choose one of its members as the Presiding Officer (chair).

6. GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE Powers of Congress Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Make treaties Borrow money Set up a money system Establish post offices Build a navy Raise an army by asking states for troops, Fix uniform standards of weights and measures, Settle disputes among the states.

7. WEAKNESSES One vote for each State, regardless of size Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes. Had to ask for tax donations. Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. Congress lacked power to make the states obey the Articles. No executive branch to enforce acts of congress No national court system Could only exercise the powers it did have with the consent with 9 of the 13 states. Articles could only be changed with the consent of all 13 states.