1. American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War
III. The Holocaust

2. Bell Ringer Define genocide.
Besides the holocaust – when else has genocide occurred?
What are some synonyms of holocaust?

3. Objectives In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s?
How did Germany's policies toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?

4. The Nazis r

5. Herman Goering
Head of the police and Gestapo
Head of the Luftwaffe

6. Rudolph Hess Deputy Fuhrer Crash landed in Britain in 1941
Murdered in Spandau prison in 1989

7. Heinrich Himmler
Head of the SS

8. Ernst Roehm
Head of SA

9. Joseph Goebbels
Head of Propaganda

10. Martin Bormann
Hitler’s Secretary

11. Albert Speer
Minister of the Interior

12. A) Setting the Scene Aryans are German people
Semites are Arabs and Jews
anti-Semitism: discrimination, hostility, and violence directed at Jews
Quote 609

13. B) Persecution in Germany
1933 Hitler makes ant-Semitism the official policy of Germany
Holocaust: Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews.
6 million Jews – 6 million other

14. a) Nazi Policies Boycotts of Jew businesses
Nuremberg Laws took German citizenship
Jews and non-Jews no marriage
1938 lost businesses
Doctors and lawyers forbidden to work for non-Jews
Identity cards – Sarah and Israel – letter J on clothing

15. b) Hitler’s Police SS – Schutzstaffel – “black shirts”
Gestapo – German secret police
Concentration camps: place where political prisoners and “undesirables” are confined. Harsh.
Communists, Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witness, Gypsies, and homeless

16. c) Kristallnacht
July Jews required to have an identity card
Oct 1938, All Jews must have their passports marked with a “J”.
Nov 7, 1938 Herschel Grynspan shot a German Ambassador in Paris
Nov 9, 1938 – Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) – Goebbels and Heydrich organized a riot that destroyed synagogues and Jewish business
1938: Catholic Church officially condemns Nazi Racism – Catholic hospitals hide Jewish doctors
1939: Jews were barred from dentistry & chemistry
Feb 1939: Jews ordered to surrender all gold, silver and precious stones
German thugs throughout Germany and Austria looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues
Kristallnacht – night of broken glass
Fined the Jews to pay for damage

17. d) Refugees Seek an Escape
Jews tried to get out of Germany – allowed but most recaptured later
US did not allow more Jews into country

18. C) From Murder to Genocide
Ghettos – self contained areas surrounded by wall and guards where Jews forced to live
14) Warsaw Ghetto: ghetto in the capital of Poland for Jews

19. a) The Einsatzgruppen Special action squads/mobile killing squads
Babi Yar – killed 33,000 Jews in 2 days
Wannsee Conference: where the final solution to the Jewish question was created
Genocide: deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group

20. b) The Death Camps
Zyklon B poison gas most efficient way to kill people
6 camps built in Poland – EZ
Death Camps – mass murder camps
2 biggest Auschwitz (1.5 mil) and Majdanek
Young and old killed – rest worked to death
Death chambers disguised as shower rooms
Cruel medical experiments
SS unit – Totenkopfverbande (Death Head Units) man the camps
1933 Dachau concentration camp opened with Theodore Eicke as commandant
1935: Eick consolidates all camps into 7 large ones: Dachu, Lichtenburg (women), Sachsenhausen, Flossenburg, Mauthausen (Austria), Ravensbruek (women) and Buchenwald
Target enemies of the state: chronically unemployed, vagrants, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, and Gypsies.

21. c) Fighting Back
1943 uprising at Treblinka death camp closed it for days
Warsaw Ghetto uprising – Jews received info that they were being killed – 50,000 Jews held out for 27 days

22. d) Rescue and Liberation
US knew about camps by 1942 but did little
Denmark – all 8,000 Jews smuggled out to Sweden
War Refugee Board: program that tried to help save people threatened by the Nazis
US troops stumbled upon camps
Nuremberg Trials: international military tribune conducted by the allies that convicted Nazis of War crimes
“following orders”

23. Review In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s
How did Germany’s polices toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?