1. ITALY By; Ginamaire Passaro, Evelyn Soto, and Gabriella Lampone

2. March 17, 1861 Before Unification After unification

3. Geographic location (Europe) Italy, slightly larger than Arizona, is a long peninsula shaped like a boot, surrounded on the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea and on the east by the Adriatic. It is bounded by France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia to the north

4. Background ! Government = Republic. The Migrations of Indo-European peoples into Italy probably began about 2000 B.C. and continued until 1000 B.C. From about the 9th century B.C. until it was overthrown by the Romans in the 3rd century B.C., the Etruscan civilization was dominant. By 264 B.C., all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul was under the leadership of Rome. For the next seven centuries, until the barbarian invasions destroyed the western Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., the history of Italy is largely the history of Rome.

5. Cont…. Italy's alliances: Germany and Austria-Hungary leader: Mussolini Under what conditions will Italy go to war to aid its allies? Is the Triple Alliance an offensive or defensive alliance? -If one, or two, of the High Contracting Parties, without direct provocation on their part, should chance to be attacked and to be engaged in a war with two or more Great Powers non-signatory to the present Treaty, the casus foederis will arise simultaneously for all the High Contracting Parties. If the peace of any of the High Contracting Parties should chance to be threatened under the circumstances foreseen by the preceding Articles, the High Contracting Parties shall take counsel together in ample time as to the military measures to be taken with a view to eventual cooperation.

6. And More… Defensive alliance: each party had pledged to defend the other parties if they were attacked by two other nations.