1. Presentation, Practice and Production at a Glance
Lecture # 6

2. Review of the Last Lecture
The role of the production stage:
It is time for the learner to perform independently.
Refer back to learner-driver analogy of the presentation stage.
Once the leaner has been shown how to do certain tasks and he has performed certain tasks.
Now it is time for the learner-driver to try on his own, consolidate his experience and learning and even correct his own mistakes.
One of the aim of this production stage is to give learners an opportunity to experiment on their own and to allow them to see how much they have really understood and learnt of the language that has been practiced under control conditions.
They may make mistakes, but like the learner driver, they will try to correct any mistakes that prevent them from achieving their aim…

3. Review of the last lecture
Creating the right condition:
To achieve all this, teacher has to do a lot.
Particular participation patterns and use of language can come about.
The most suitable participation pattern for the production stage are pair work, group work, and mingles as they chance to everyone
Types of activities:
Role plays:
Discourse chains
Discussions
Communication gap activities
Games

4. Presentation, Practice and Production (3P’s) of an oral lesson at a glance
We will see the following elements of Presentation, Practice and Production stages of an oral lesson.
The purpose,
Important features,
Typical activities ,
Role of teacher,
Type of interaction,
Degree of control
Correction
Length and Place in Lesson

5. Purposes of 3P’s in an Oral Lesson
Purpose of Presentation:
--to give Ss an opportunity to realize the usefulness and relevance of a new language item.
--To present the meaning and form
--To check understanding
Purpose of Practice:
--to provide maximum practice within controlled but realistic and contextualized frameworks.
--To build confidence in using new language.

6. Purposes of 3P’s in an Oral Lesson…
Purpose of Production
--to provide an opportunity for Ss to use new language in freer, more creative ways.
--to check how much has really been learnt.
--To integrate new language with old.
--to practice dealing with the unpredictable.
--to motivate Ss
--to help Ss revise or diagnose.

7. Important features of 3P’s in an Oral Lesson
Important Features of Presentation
--Clear, motivating, natural and relevant context
--model sentences
--concept checking
--grammatical explanation if necessary
Important Features of Practice
--framework provides guidance for utterances, reduces scope for errors.
--clear and realistic prompts.
--student talking time maximized.

8. Important features of 3P’s in an Oral Lesson
Important Features of Production
--Purposeful tasks
--Ss work together at their own pace
--clear instructions
--allowance of possibility of making material

9. Typical Activities in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Typical Activities of Presentation:
Build up of appropriate situational and linguistic contexts for new language.
Listening to and initial repetition of model sentences
Typical Activities of Practice:
--Drills (choral) and individual
--2,3,4 lines dialogues
--information and opinion gap
Typical Activities of Production:
games, role plays, discourse chains; discussions, information and communication gaps.

10. Role of Teacher in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Role of Teacher in Presentation
--Informant
Role of Teacher in Practice
--conductor
--corrector
Role of Teacher in Production
--monitor, adviser, encourager, mistake-hearer, consultant

11. Type of Interaction in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Type of interaction in Presentation --T…Ss Choral
…T..Ss individual
Type of interaction in Practice:
--T..S
---T…S (open pairs)
--S…S (closed pairs)
Type of interaction in Production:
S..S pair
Groups, mingles

12. Degree of Control in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Degree of Control in Presentation:
--Highly controlled, T Model
Degree of Control in Practice:
--very controlled
--Ss have limited choice
Degree of Control in Production
--Freehand to students

13. Correction in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Correction in Presentation --important to correct so that Ss have correct grasp of form
Correction in Practice:
---- T ,other Ss or self-correction
Correction in Production
Generally non-interference by T

14. Length and Place of Lesson in 3P’s of an Oral Lesson
Length and Place in Presentation:
--Short
--Usually at the beginning
Length and Place in Practice
-- Depends on Ss’ needs and difficulty
--Follows presentation or at the beginning for revision
Length and Place of lesson in Production
--depends on level of Ss and type of activity
--after presentation and practice

15. Summary
We talked about the following elements of Presentation, Practice and Production stages of an oral lesson.
The purpose,
Important features,
Typical activities ,
Role of teacher,
Type of interaction,
Degree of control
Correction
Length and Place in Lesson