1. The Renaissance – a period of change

2.  Painting underwent many changes in subject matter and techniques from the 1400’s  In the spirit of humanism, subject matter was often inspired by the classical world although religious subject matter did not disappear  Slow-drying oil paints replaced the faster drying tempera  Innovative techniques included the widespread use of perspective, fore-shortening, sfumato and chiaro-scuro

3. Raphael (1483 – 1520)– The School of Athens Perspective is the painting of distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer. Painting subject matter inspired by the Greek and Roman world was more common during the Renaissance.

4. Chiaroscuro was the technique of using varying degrees of light and shade in paintings. The use of slow- drying oil paints, instead of the faster drying tempera or egg-based paints, facilitated the development of chiaroscuro. ‘La Fornarina’ ‘La Fornarina’ Raphael, shows delicate modelling chiaroscuro in the body of the model, for example in the shoulder, breast, and arm on the right.

5. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564) – The Last Judgement In this fresco, the realistic impact of the subject matter reflects the detailed study of human anatomy.

6. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519) – The Last Supper Renaissance Period: High Renaissance Medium: Fresco Title: The Last Supper Artist: Leonardo da Vinci Subject Matter: Last Supper on Holy Thursday Renaissance Technique: Leonardo painted The Last Supper on a dry wall rather than on wet plaster, so it is not a true fresco rather, tempera paints used on dry gesso.plasterfresco

7. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci Portrait painting reflected the humanist interest in the individual and the realistic portrayal of the wife of Francesco il Giocondo. Da Vinci also uses sfumato (use of fine shading) to highlight the curves of Elisa’s hair and clothing.

8. Leonardo da Vinci – The Virtruvian Man Da Vinci based his drawing on correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry in De Architectura by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius.De ArchitecturaVitruvius His work reflects the importance of anatomical study.

9. Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510) – The Birth of Venus High Renaissance Medium: Tempera on Canvas Subject Matter: Venus coming out of a shell being blown away by Zephyrs Renaissance Technique: Classical Inspiration from the world of ancient Greece and Rome, Perspective, Study of Human anatomy

10.  Michelangelo Buonarroti and Donatello were some of the best known sculptors of the Italian Renaissance  The re-appearance of the free-standing, young naked men connects this period to the ancient Greeks and Romans  The contrapposto stance whereby a human figure stands with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist around from the hips and legs is one of the characteristics of much of the sculpture of this time

11. Donatello (1386 – 1466) – David The Contrapposto stance as well as the combination of Biblical subject matter and classical inspiration were evident in much Renaissance sculpture.

12. Michelangelo Buonarroti – The Pieta There was great evidence of increased interest in anatomical study and realistic representation in the sculpture and painting of the Renaissance.

13. Michelangelo Buonarroti’s David is a masterpiece of the Renaissance where anatomical study and the contrapposto stance are in evidence.

14.  Italian Renaissance architects based their theories and practices on Classical Roman examples  Classical orders and architectural elements such as columns, pilasters, pediments, entablatures, arches, and domes form the vocabulary of Renaissance buildings  Vitruvius's writings on architecture also influenced the Renaissance definition of beauty in architecture

15. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446)– Duomo of Florence This building was the first dome without buttresses built since time of antiquity. It was inspired by buildings of Ancient Rome. The dome is larger than that of the Pantheon

16. Bramante (1444 – 1514) Tempietto, Roma This is almost a replica of a classical building - a sculpture, it could be said. Bramante also included doric columns inspired by the canons of ancient Roman architecture.

17.  Without the sponsorship of wealthy patrons, much of the flourishing of art during the Renaissance would not have happened  Great Renaissance patrons include the Medici family, the Sforza family, the Gonzaga family and many of the popes

18. The Medici Family Florence Without their wealthy and generous patrons, many of the artists of the Renaissance would have been unable to complete their masterpieces or dedicate their lives to their art.

19. Gonzaga family - Mantua