1. Did the British want to decolonise Kenya? C aim – to explain the impact the decolonisation of Kenya had on British attitudes B aim – to explain what different groups thought of Kenyan decolonisation This is a news story from BBC news in June 2013. What is the news story about? The torture occurred in the 1950s. Why do you think it took so long for them to get compensation?

2. Take through sheet. Define these groups and events The Kikuyu KANU Mau Hola Massacre

3. Read your sheet and summarise the main steps to Kenyan independence. What caused Kenyan independence? Include facts from your main steps to support it. Did the British want to decolonise Kenya? How do you think the independence of Kenya affect British attitudes towards decolonisation? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Skg3YHj CL4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Skg3YHj CL4

4. How did the Mau Mau affect British attitudes towards decolonisation? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5I3SgfHXkuc In the media the oaths and attacks by the Mau Mau were emphasised. The equally savage abuses by British officers and their African collaborators in the detention camps, controlled villages and courtrooms of Kenya were mostly hidden from people at home. There were images of the concentration camps in the newspapers but these camps were portrayed as a ‘necessary evil’. They knew some of it – indeed, did what they could to put an end to it after the scandalous British beatings of detainees at Hola camp in 1959, which left 11 dead and 60 seriously wounded – but nothing like the whole. Alan Lennox-Boyd, colonial secretary for much of this period, and one of the villains of both these books, can take much of the credit. First he denied abuses, then when that was no longer possible he dismissed them as exceptional (‘bad apples’), and appealed to his critics to remember what they were up against in Kenya: not an ordinary policing problem, but an outbreak of atavistic ‘evil’ – a useful word when you are confronting something you don’t understand. ‘Duplicity at its finest’, Elkins calls this. He also had a nice line in discrediting whistle-blowers. Then, when the British eventually left Kenya, they made bonfires of most of the incriminating material about the detention camps. Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya’s first president, connived in this, anxious in the interests of national unity to ‘erase’ the past, and not to encourage the ‘hooligans’ of Mau Mau.

5. Public Attitudes How would the British perceived the Mau Mau uprising.... – In the 1950s? – In the 1960s (specifically after 1960)? – From the White Settlers League? – From the ‘Strong and Free’ sector of the Conservatives party? – From the New Conservatives?

6. C - What impact did the Mau Mau rebellion have on British attitudes? B - What impact did the Mau Mau uprising have on different groups attitudes towards decolonisation?

7. How did Kenyatta and Nkrumah affect British attitudes towards decolonisation? C aim – to explain the impact of these two men B aim – to explain whether these two men had any significant impact 1952: Kenyatta arrested in security raid Leading African nationalist Jomo Kenyatta has been arrested following the declaration of a state of emergency in the British colony of Kenya. He was among about 100 prominent Kenyans detained in the past 24 hours as part of a clampdown on the rebel Mau Mau movement.

8. In Context Jomo Kenyatta strongly denied the charges against him but was sentenced to seven years hard labour on 8 April 1953 after a trial generally regarded by historians to have been rigged by the British. 1952: Kenyatta arrested in security raid Leading African nationalist Jomo Kenyatta has been arrested following the declaration of a state of emergency in the British colony of Kenya.He was among about 100 prominent Kenyans detained in the past 24 hours as part of a clampdown on the rebel Mau Mau movement. The Mau Mau is demanding immediate self- government and is blamed for the mounting "lawlessness, violence and disorder" in the colony. Jomo Kenyatta stands accused of leading the extremist wing of the Mau Mau and of inciting hatred and violence against Europeans through a series of oaths of allegiance.

9. What did the British think of Kenyatta in the 1950s? What do you think they thought of him after independence in 1963?

10. How did Nkrumah affect the British perception of decolonisation? 4 years after Ghana’s independence this photograph was taken of Nkrumah and the Queen. What does this suggest about British attitudes towards Nkrumah?

11. Who was Nkrumah? Read the biography and write down five key facts about Nkrumah from his whole lifespan. How did Nkrumah help Ghanaian independence? Highlight points which would have made the British support Nkrumah Highlight points which would have made the British suspicious of Nkrumah How did the British perceive Nkrumah? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kn5CvGFz3Is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kn5CvGFz3Is

12. What did the British think of Nkrumah? How did Nkrumah affect attitudes towards decolonisation? Was it him that changed this, or had it changed due to a different reason? Why is Nkrumah’s role different to Kenyatta’s?

13. C - What impact did Nkrumah and Kenyatta have? B - Did Nkrumah and Kenyatta have any significant impact?

14. Homework – due Thursday Write a short newspaper article from the British perspective on.... – The Mau Mau Uprising in the 1950s – Kenyatta in the 1950s – Kenyatta in the 1960s – Nkrumah in the 1950s – Nkrumah in the 1960s

15. 12 To what extent did British involvement in the Second Boer War change attitudes within Britain towards Empire? Rebeka clinic