1. Skeletal System Continued….
Developing bones
Baby’s bones are mainly made of cartilage and as we grow up this is replaced by bone
The periosteum lays down new bone cells while at the same time cells inside the bone vestry older bone cells meaning the bone becomes longer and wider

2. Exercise and Bones
Peak Bone Mass is the amount of minerals (phosphorus and calcium) and compact bone stored to give the bone maximum strength
Exercises during childhood such as high intensity and weight bearing help in achieving this
What happens when we don’t achieve this?

3. Parts of the Skeleton Skull Spinal Column Thorax Shoulder Arm and Hand
Pelvis
Legs and feet

4. Activity 1 (5min)
Using your text books divide your skeleton into the 6 different parts (259-60)
List the bones in each part and the function of that specific part of the skeleton

5. Activity 2
Checkpoints Qu 1-4 p 261

6. Joints and Movement (p 268)
Joints are where two or more bones meet. They are held together by ligaments (thick cords stringy tissue) and determine how moveable the bones are

7. Types of Joints Fibrous (immoveable)
Tough fibres join these bones together
Egs?
Cartilaginous (partially moveable)
Cartilage joins these bones together
Cartilage is not as flexible as ligaments therefore movement is restricted
Synovial (freely moveable)
Move freely and are the most common
Characterised by synovial fluid
Six types of synovial joints

8. Fibrous Joint Cartilaginous Joint

9. A Typical Synovial Joint

10. Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge Joint
Saddle Joint
Ball in Socket
Ovoid Joint
(Ellipsoid)
Pivot Joint
Gliding Joint
                                                       

11. Activity 3 Choose 5 joints within your body
Make a table indicating which sort of joint it is, the bones in it, and draw a picture representing this Eg
Joint
Type
Picture
Elbow
(Ulna and Humerus)
Synovial - Hinge

12. Types of Movements
The body can move in many different ways, each bones ability to move depends on the muscle attached and the type of joint.
Each movement has an opposite movement

13. Types of Movements (p270) Flexion – bending Extension – straightening
Adduction – Body part moves toward midline of body
Abduction – Body part moves away from the midline of the body
Rotation – Body part moves around its axis
Lateral – move outwards
Medial – Move inwards

14. More Movements Circumduction – body part moved in a cone shape
Supination – Palm up
Pronation – Palm down
Eversion – Rotation of the sole outward
Inversion – Rotation of the sole inward

15. Activity Each pair has been given an exercise or sporting movement
One person imitates the movement while the second person observes, and lists the movements occurring.
Eg. Bicep Curl: flexion of the elbow
Draw a table in your book and add the other pairs movements in.

16. Movement – Muscles and Bones!
For a movement to occur there must be a muscle between two bones
The point where the muscle attaches to the moving bone is called insertion
The point where the muscle attaches to the non-moving bone is called the origin

17. Movement – Muscles and Bones!
Muscles work as a team!
The muscle causing the action is known as the agonist
The muscle that does the opposite to the agonist to allow the agonist to work is called the antagonist
Eg. Bicep Curl

18. Questions
Complete questions 1 – 4 on p 273