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Published byAlisha Allison Modified over 8 years ago
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Reformation 1300- 1600
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Causes of the Reformation By 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany Spread throughout Europe because of political and social forces
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Problems within Catholic Church Critics of Church claimed leaders were corrupt Popes- patrons Spent extravagantly Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than spiritual duties
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Problems cont’d Lower clergy and their problems Poorly educated Broke priestly vows
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Early Calls for Reform Influenced by reformers, people expected higher standards In early 1300s and 1400s, people were demanding reforms
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Luther Challenges the Church Wanted to be a good Christian Stood against Tetzel who was selling indulgences 95 Theses
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Luther’s Teachings Wanted full reform of the Church Teachings Could win salvation only by faith in God Church teachings should be based on Bible All people with faith were equal
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Pope Gets MAD!! Luther initially viewed as a rebellious monk Later Pope realized he was a serious threat Pope threatens with excommunication
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Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD too!! Charles V was a devout Catholic and didn’t like Luther’s teachings He summons Luther for trial and later is declared an outlaw Ruler of Saxony took him in Luther’s ideas still carried on and became known as Lutherans
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Great Schism (in Germany) Within Roman Catholic Church Much fighting occurred Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the religion of each German state was to be decided by its ruler
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Henry VIII of England King of England Needed Male heir Wanted a divorce, but not granted Called Parliament into session and asked to end pope’s power Reformation Parliament gave him power to lead English Church
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Henry VIII cont’d Power hungry Had 3 children succeed him Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward VI
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John Calvin Calvin went beyond Luther Ideas/ Teachings known as Calvinism Teachings God grants his grace to whomever he chooses regardless of individual behaviors God chooses very few to save- predestination Men and women are sinful by nature
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Calvinism cont’d Believed ideal government was a theocracy Tried in Geneva and worked Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace their roots back to him
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Anabaptists Believed that only adults could decide to be baptized If done as a child, should do again as an adult Greek word for “baptize again” Believed that Church and state should be separate
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Catholic Reformation Millions remained loyal The movement within the Church to reform itself Great reformer- Ignatius of Loyola Believed daily devotions cleansed soul Wrote a book laying out daily meditation, prayer and study
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Catholic Reformation cont’d Reforming popes Paul III in 1534 took important steps forward Investigated abuses with Church Council of Trent- organized great leaders to discuss/ agree on doctrines
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The Council of Trent (1545-1563) Reaffirms the Church’s beliefs and doctrines Called for better trained priests (rise of seminaries) Reformed Church financial and administrative policies Greatly supported by Spain, France, and Italy
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Divided Europe into two religious parts Protestant countries England Scotland Scandinavia Northern Germany “Low Countries” Catholic countries Italy France Spain Portugal Ireland Southern Germany
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Legacy of the Reformation Protestant Churches flourished, despite religious wars and persecutions Religion no longer united in Europe Church’s power declined Helped to set the stage for the modern world
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