1. Operating System

2. CHAPTER 13: COUNTABLE AND NONCOUNTABLE NOUNS

3. books some books two books a book many books few books one book
SINGULAR
PLURAL
COUNTABLE NOUN
An operating system
a book
one book
books
some books
two books
many books
few books
a few books
A count noun:
(1). May be preceded by a or an in the singular,
(2). Takes a final -s or –es in the plural
NON
money
some money
much money
little money
A noncount noun:
(1). Is not preceded by a or an;
(2). Has no plural form; does not take a final –s

4. Following is a list of some common nouns which are usually or always used as non-count nouns:
Advice work* weather clothing fruit**
Information homework water furniture
Food housework rain jewelry
Bread evidence snow luggage
Butter Intelligence wind machinery cheese
Slang ignorance air money
Coffee vocabulary knowledge dew
Music meat significance fog
Postage milk fun hail
Scenery pepper enjoyment courage
Heat traffic rice happiness
Honesty humidity transportation salt
Sadness luck lighting baggage
sugar

5. Chapter 13: THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

6. Singular Plural boat boats hat hats house houses river rivers
Most nouns form the plural by adding -s or -es.
Singular
Plural
boat
boats
hat
hats
house
houses
river
rivers

7. A noun ending in -y preceded by a consonant makes the plural with -ies.
Singular
Plural
a cry
cries
a fly
flies
a nappy
nappies
a university
universities
a city
cities
a lady
ladies
a baby
babies

8. A noun ending in -y preceded by a vowel makes the plural just add -s
Singular
Plural
A boy
Boys
A toy
Toys
A play
Plays
An attorney
Attorneys
A volley
Volleys

9. There are some irregular formations for noun plurals
There are some irregular formations for noun plurals. Some of the most common ones are listed below.
Singular
Plural
woman
women
man
men
child
children
tooth
teeth
foot
feet
person
people
leaf
leaves
half
halves
knife
knives
wife
wives
life
lives
loaf
loaves
potato
potatoes

10. fungus fungi nucleus nuclei syllabus syllabi/syllabuses analysis
Singular
Plural
cactus
cacti
fungus
fungi
nucleus
nuclei
syllabus
syllabi/syllabuses
analysis
analyses
diagnosis
diagnoses
oasis
oases
thesis
theses
crisis
crises
phenomenon
phenomena
criterion
criteria
datum
data

11. Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural.
sheep
fish
species
aircraft

12. Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb.
Examples:
news The news is on at 6.30 p.m. athletics Athletics is good for young people. linguistics Linguistics is the study of language. darts Darts is a popular game in England. billiards Billiards is played all over the world.
Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb.
trousers My trousers are too tight. jeans Her jeans are black. glasses Those glasses are his.
others include:
savings, thanks, steps, stair, customs, congratulations, tropics, wages, spectacles, outskirts, goods, wits

13. What is the correct plural of the word?
These (person) ………..are protesting against the president.
The (woman)………….. over there want to meet the manager.
My (child) ……………..hate eating pasta.
I am ill. My (foot) …………………hurt.
I clean my (tooth) …………three times a day.
The (student )……………. are doing the exercise right now.
They are sending some (man)………. to fix the roof.
Most (houswife) ……………work more than ten hours a day at home.
Where did you put the (knife) ………………?
Some (policeman) ……..came to arrest him.

14. Write down the correct form of the plural:
city - .
house - .
boy - .
family - .
life - .
photo - .
phone - .
sandwich - .
nurse - .
elf - .
phenomenon - .
criterion - .
village - .
toy - .
15. play-.