1. Essential Question(s)
How did the second phase of the War of 1812 play out & what were the effects?

2. Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III)
War of 1812: Phase Two
Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III)

3. The Second Phase
Phase two of the War of 1812 began after the British defeated Napoleon in April 1814
Britain’s full army & navy were now free to focus upon the conflict in the U.S.
In Aug. 1814, President Madison & others were forced to flee D.C. as British forces approached
Madison’s wife, Dolley, was able to save several important items from the White House b/f fleeing
This was important b/c, upon arrival in D.C., the British burned the White House
This action was meant to intimidate the Americans, but actually served to galvanize the American war effort.

4. Fort McHenry
After burning the WH, the British marched north to Baltimore’s Ft. McHenry
Ft. McHenry served as a gateway to the large NE pop. centers of Philadelphia, NYC, & Boston
While negotiating the release of U.S. POW’s, a lawyer named Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle
After watching the all-night battle, Key wrote a poem recounting the events
“The Star-Spangled Banner” eventually became the American
national anthem
Along w/ another failed offensive on Lake Champlain, the British defeat at Ft. McHenry permanently halted their advance

5. Bombardment

6. The Battle of New Orleans
Soon after Ft. McHenry, the British moved against the port city of New Orleans, LA
Dozens of British ships ferried 7,500 troops to NO
Defending the city were patchwork U.S. forces led by Gen. Andrew Jackson
Jackson had a combination of U.S. army regulars, state militiamen, Africans, and Natives

7. Peace Treaty…Then a Battle?
The British attacked Jackson on Jan. 8, 1815
U.S. rifleman, protected by well-built earthworks destroyed wave after wave of advancing British
By the end of the Battle of New Orleans, the U.S. had won a staggering victory
British casualties = 2,000
U.S. casualties = 71 (only 13 deaths!!)
Even more amazing, two weeks prior to the battle, U.S. and British diplomats had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which had ended the war
Word had not reached NO fast enough, which led the battle to take place even though the war had already officially ended!

8. Summary/Test Question
Which was NOT true about the Battle of New Orleans?
The battle was a great victory for the U.S. forces
It convinced the British to sign a peace treaty with the U.S.
The battle made General Andrew Jackson a national hero
The battle was fought a full two weeks after the war was officially over

9. Legacy of the War
The Treaty of Ghent showed that the war had no clear winner
No land was gained/lost
Trade disputed remained unresolved
Despite these setbacks, some important consequences for the U.S. did happen
1st - A new set of American heroes/leaders emerged
Andrew Jackson
Oliver Hazard Perry
William Henry Harrison
2nd - Native strength in the west was crippled
Native resistance weakened, allowing for increased expansion
3rd - Interrupted trade forced the U.S. to make their own goods
This greatly encouraged the growth of American manufacturing

10. Summary/Test Question
Which of the following was NOT a result of the War of 1812?
It greatly increased American patriotism
It encouraged widespread British settlement in the Northwest
It weakened Native American resistance, allowing for easier U.S. expansion
It led to increased U.S. manufacturing