1. NATIVE TERRITORIES INTRO WHO? WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? WHY? HOW?

2. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS (LATER) WHAT IS A NATIVE TERRITORY? WHO ARE NATIVES? HOW/WHY ARE THEY CONSIDERED NATIVES? HOW ABOUT WHEN AND WHERE?

3. WHAT ABOUT A TIME BEFORE ANYONE WAS NATIVE? LET’S TALK DEEP-HISTORY A BIT. 6-7 MILLION YEARS AGO, OUR ANCESTORS SPLIT FROM OUR NEAREST PRIMATE RELATIVES, THE CHIMPANZEE: SAHELANTHROPUS

4. AS WE GET CLOSER TO MODERN MAN… 4. 4 M I L L I O N Y E A R S A G O, O U R A N C E S T O R S C A L L E D A U S T R A L O P I T H E C I N E S, R O A M E D T H E E A R T H. L U C Y, A F A M O U S F O S S I L, W A S D I S C O V E R E D I N T H E 1 9 7 0 ’ S. S H E W A S 3. 3 M I L L I O N Y E A R S O L D. 4.4 million years ago, our ancestors called Australopithecines, roamed the earth Lucy, the famous fossil discovered in the 1970’s was an australopithecine. She was 3.3 million years old

5. THE FIRST FEW MILLION YEARS… HOMO HABILIS 2.4 TO 1.4 MILLION YEARS AGO HANDY-MAN HOMO ERECTUS 1.8 MYA TO 70 000 YEARS AGO WALKED FULLY UPRIGHT COULD MAKE COMPLEX TOOLS BOTH NEANDERTHALS AND MODERN HUMANS ARE DESCENDANTS. HOMO SAPIENS 150 000 YEARS AGO UNTIL THE PRESENT FULLY MODERN (LIKE US) AROUND 60 000 YEARS AGO IN AFRICA “WISE MAN”

6. EARLY MIGRATION

7. THE ANCESTORS OF NATIVE PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN CANADA TODAY ARRIVED OVER 15 000 YEARS AGO DURING THE LAST ICE AGE, GLOBAL WATER LEVELS WERE LOWER, SINCE MUCH OF IT WAS IN THE FORM OF ICE. THIS ALLOWED FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BERING LAND BRIDGE, WHICH WAS CROSSED ON FOOT OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME MIGRATION INTO NORTH AMERICA

8. NATIVE GROUPS NATIVE PEOPLES, WHO ARE ALSO CALLED “ABORIGINAL PEOPLES,” “INDIGENOUS PEOPLES” OR “TRIBAL PEOPLES”* LIVED ON THEIR LAND BEFORE OUTSIDE SETTLERS ARRIVED, AND BEFORE CURRENT COUNTRY OR STATE BORDERS HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED (FOR THE MOST PART, LONG BEFORE). BY 9000 YEARS AGO, HUMANS SPREAD OUT THROUGH ALL CONTINENTS EXCEPT ANTARCTICA. THEREFOR, THERE ARE NATIVE GROUPS ON ALL CONTINENTS EXCEPT ANTARCTICA AS WELL, WHICH MAKES THIS A GLOBAL ISSUE.

9. NORTH AMERICA EARLY PEOPLES IN THE AMERICAS WERE HUNTER-GATHERERS, WHO HUNTED ANIMALS AND GATHERED WILD PLANTS. THE WARMING CLIMATE CREATED NEW ENVIRONMENTS: CLIMATES AND LANDSCAPES THAT SURROUND LIVING THINGS. DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES: GROUPS THAT SHARE A COMMON CULTURE. CULTURE IS A GROUP’S COMMON VALUES AND TRADITIONS.

10. WHAT DISTINGUISHES THEM FROM OTHERS? IMPORTANT CONCEPTS AND ISSUES CULTURE AND IDENTITY LANGUAGE BELIEFS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION MEANS OF SURVIVAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE BELIEFS SOCIAL LIFE QUALITY OF LIFE MODERNITY URBANIZATION ACCESS TO RESOURCES IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE RELATION TO CANADA’S INSTITUTIONS

11. SO… IF THEY’VE BEEN LIVING TRADITIONALLY FOR SO LONG, IS IT FAIR OF US TO EXPECT PEOPLE WITH A DEEP PAST TO JUST ABANDON THEIR WAYS AND CHANGE? SINCE THEY LIVE “DIFFERENTLY” SHOULD THEY BE TREATED “DIFFERENTLY” BY MAINSTREAM SOCIETY? ISSUES AND CONCEPTS: A LONG INTERCONNECTED HISTORY COMMUNITIES AND RESERVES ANCESTRAL RIGHTS CULTURAL DIVERSITY TRADITION AND MODERNITY