1. PSYC 2120 3.0 Social Psychology Thursday, January 7 – April 20, 2016 Section M - 11:30-2:30, Curtis Lecture Hall E Section O – 2:30-5:30, Curtis Lecture Hall G

2. CLASS 1 – INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY 1) Class Structure 2) What is social psychology? 3) What methods do social psychologists use? 4) Break 5) The psychfiles.com 6) One of my favourite articles 7) Class 2

3. Class Structure 1)What am I going to learn? 2)How am I going to learn it? 3)How will I be tested on it?

4. Course Instructor Dr. Kerry Kawakami email: kawakami@yorku.cakawakami@yorku.ca Office: 324 Behavioural Sciences Building (BSB) Best contacted via email. Website: http://www.kawakamilab.org/course-outline-2120/

5. Course Teaching Assistants Elysia Vaccarino email: elysia.va@gmail.com Office: 321 BSB Office Hour: Wednesday, 1:00 - 2:00 Caroline Erentzen email: erentzen@yorku.ca Office: 264 BSB Office Hour: Tuesday, 1:00 - 2:00

6. Course Teaching Assistants Miranda DiLorenzo email: mgdilo@yorku.ca Office: 320 BSB Office Hour: Monday, 10:00-11:00 Francine Karmali email: fkarmali@yorku.cafkarmali@yorku.ca Office: 321 BSB Office Hour: by appointment

7. General Description The primary goal of this course is to provide students with an introduction to research and theorizing in social psychology. Topics covered in this course will include research methods, attitudes and social information processing, social influence, the self, group processes, prejudice, altruism, aggression, and interpersonal attraction.

8. Class Format One three hour class will be held each week consisting of lectures, video clips, and class discussions.

9. Course Textbook Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Fehr, B. (2013). Social Psychology (Fifth Canadian Edition). Pearson Education Canada. This textbook is available from the York Bookstore. ISBN 9780132918350 Price $159.15 Required reading: Chapters 1 – 12. Not required: Social Psychology in Action 1, 2, and 3

10. Textbook Website Check out website: https://pearsonmylab.com  ebook  Practice test questions

11. Course Administration  Enrolled?  Please check the class list during the break or after class and write down your name if you do not see it on the list.  Prerequisites  Psyc 1010 6.0, minimum grade of C  Last Drop Date: March 4, 2016

12. Grading  Two in-class exams (worth 30% each)  Thursday, February 4 th  Thursday, March 10 th  Multiple choice and short-answer questions  Noncumulative - Material from lectures, videos, and textbook from each section  One final exam (worth 40%)  Final Exam Period, April 6 th – April 20 th  Multiple choice and short answer questions  Cumulative - Material from lectures, videos, and textbook from whole course  Grade  Missed Exams

13. Course Schedule 1) Thursday, Jan 7 th - Caroline Introduction and Methodology Reading material and websites: Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology, pp. 2-25. Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research, pp. 26-53. Check out website: http://www.kawakamilab.org/course-outline-2120/

14. Course Schedule 2) Thursday, Jan 14 th - Caroline Social Cognition Reading material: Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think about the Social World, pp. 54-87.

15. Course Schedule 3) Thursday, Jan 21 st - Caroline Social Perception and Self-Perceptions Reading material: Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People, pp. 88-121.

16. Course Schedule 4) Thursday, Jan 28 th No Class Reading material: Chapter 5: Self-Knowledge and the Need to Maintain Self-Esteem, pp. 122-151. 5) Thursday, Feb 4 th – Caroline and Francine First In-Class Exam (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5)

17. Course Schedule 6) Thursday, Feb 11 th – Elysia Attitudes Reading material: Chapter 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior, pp. 152-191. Do Web demonstrations of the IAT – https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/

18. Course Schedule 7) Thursday, Feb 18 th No Class - Reading Week 8) Thursday, Feb 25 th - Elysia Persuasion Lecture but no reading material

19. Course Schedule 9) Thursday, March 3 rd - Elysia Conformity and Group Dynamics Reading material: Chapter 7: Conformity: Influencing Others, pp. 192-233. Chapter 8: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups, pp. 234-269.

20. Course Schedule 10) Thursday, March 10 th – Elysia and Francine Second In-Class Exam (Chapters 6, persuasion, 7, and 8)

21. Course Schedule 11) Thursday, March 17 th - Miranda Altruism and Aggression Reading material: Chapter 10: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help? pp. 310-337. Chapter 11: Aggression: Why We Hurt Other People, pp. 338-371.

22. Course Schedule 12) Thursday, March 24 th – Miranda Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Reading material: Chapter 12: Prejudice: Causes and Cures, pp. 372-415.

23. Course Schedule 13) Thursday, April 2 nd - Miranda Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships and Course Wrap-Up Reading material: Chapter 9: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships, pp. 270-309.

24. Course Schedule 14) Final Exam (Cummulative): April 6 th - 20 th Miranda and Francine Date and Location TBA

25. Psyc 2120, Social Psychology Class 1: Introduction and Methodology Reading material: Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology, pp. 2- 25. Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research, pp. 26-53. Check out the website: http://www.kawakamilab.org/course-outline-2120/

26. Social Psychology and Its Methods Chapters 1 and 2 1)What is social psychology? 2)What methods are used? 3)The Psych Files 4)One of my favorite studies

27. Social Psychology  Psychology: Scientific study of behavior and the mind  Gordon Allport (1985)  Social Psychology is “the scientific study of the way in which people’s (individual’s) thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people.”

28. Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think and feel about, influence, and relate to one another. The importance of the ABCs to social psychology - Affect (feelings) - Behavior (actions) - Cognitions (thoughts)

29. Social Psychology  How does social psychology differ from  Sociology?  It’s about the individual and psychological processes  Other areas of psychology?  Cognitive psychology  It’s social  Clinical psychology  It’s about normal populations  Personality psychology  It’s about people in general  (psychological processes that people have in common with one another)

30. Research (and Theory) in Social Psychology  Theory:  An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events  Creating hypotheses based on a theory  (But can also creating hypotheses based on an observed phenomenon)  Testable predictions about the relationship between two or more variables  Testing the hypotheses  Theory refinement

31. Reading and Empathy Who do you think are better at understanding and empathizing with others – a bookworm or a nonreader? Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test: http://kgajos.eecs.harvard.edu/mite/#thers – book worms or nonreaders?

32. Research (and Theory) in Social Psychology  Theory:  An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events  Creating hypotheses based on a theory  (But can also creating hypotheses based on an observed phenomenon)  Testable predictions about the relationship between two or more variables  Testing the hypotheses  Theory refinement (mechanisms, boundar conditions, extensions)

33. What is a Theory? A theory aims to fill a gap in explaining important phenomena. In basic research, a theory is a system of logical principles that attempts to explain relations among observable phenomena.

34. Signs of a Good Theory Posits causal relationships Attempts to be coherent Tells a good story Aims for parsimony (simple explanations are preferable to complex explanations) Is testable Proves fertile Solves problems Susan Fiske (2004)

35. Example Does exerting willpower/control deplete us? Theory: People have a common source of controlled resources/willpower from which they draw. Each time we try to control our will, we reduce this pool of resources. Baumeister et al. (1998)

36. How Can We Test a Hypothesis?  Hypothesis: Women on a diet have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet.  Method  Correlational:  Observational method*  Observe/measure natural associations to assess the relationship between two or more variables  Experimental:  manipulate one factor to see if it affects another factor

37. Correlational Research Examine whether the occurrence of A is related to the occurrence of B  Theory: Exerting willpower/control will deplete us. Hypothesis: Women on a diet will have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet? Variable A – diet or not How observe/measure this? One way - Restrained Eating Scale Variable B – cognitive resources How observe/measure this? One way – Stroop Task

38. Measure of Diet? Restrained Eating Scale 1. How often do you diet? Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always 2. What is the maximum amount of weight (in pounds) that you have ever lost in one month? 0 4 5-9 10-14 15- 19 2O+ 3. Do you have feelings of guilt after overeating? Never Rarely Often Always 4. How conscious are you of what you are eating? Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Much

39. Measure of Cognitive Resources Stroop Task Yellow

40. Stroop Task Blue

41. Stroop Task Red

42. Stroop Task XXX

43. Correlational Research Examine whether the occurrence of A is related to the occurrence of B  Example: Does exerting willpower/control deplete us? Women on a diet have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet. Results – correlation between score on the restrained eating scale and the Stroop task. What is another way of testing this relationship? Another way of operationalizing willpower and controlled resources?

44. Experimental Research  Examine whether Variable A causes changes in Variable B  Manipulate independent variable  Observe effect on dependent variable  Basic principles:  Experimental Control  Random Assignment

45. Experimental Research Manipulate independent variable to see if it affects the dependent variable Example: Does exerting willpower/control deplete us? Independent Variable - 1/3 subjects told not to show emotions during sad movie - 1/3 subjects given no instructions during sad movie - 1/3 not shown a movie and no instructions Dependent Variable - Holding your hand in cold water for as long as possible

46. Experimental Research Manipulate independent variable to see if it affects the dependent variable Example: Does exerting willpower/control deplete us?

47. Types of Validity Validity issues are related to whether a relationship exists between 2 variables.  Internal Validity  whether changes in the independent variable cause changes in the dependent variable  External Validity  whether the results generalize to other labs, participants, settings (e.g., in the field)  Mundane versus psychological realism  Construct Validity  whether the manipulation related to the independent variable and the measurement of the dependent variable are good representations of the theoretical constructs intended

48. Possible Problem with Correlational Research Issues with internal validity - Don’t know whether: A B or A B C

49. Possible Problem with Experimental Research Issues with external validity - Don’t know whether results generalize.

50. Possible Problems with Correlational & Experimental Research Issues with construct validity – Whether operationalization and measurement of variables reflect the theoretical construct.

51. The Psych Files http://www.thepsychfiles.com/ Episode 45 – Research Design http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2008/02/episode-45-basic-research-design-part-1/

52. Social Priming Effects Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg (1998) - ideomotor effects - independent variable - dependent variable - procedure

53. Questions?

54. Next Class Class 2 Social Cognition Reading material: Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think about the Social World, pp. 54-87.