1. Speech Listening Effectively

2. Listening vs. Hearing Listening Getting meaning from sounds that are heard Most listen with 25-40 percent efficiency Hearing Being able to detect sounds

3. Why listen? Practice etiquette Part of good manners If you care about someone, you listen Increase enjoyment Helps to enjoy the moment Increases involvement Comprehend and evaluate ideas and info. Helps us learn to make decisions Helps to understand

4. Why listen? Cont. Become a better student Good listeners=better students Helps complete homework

5. Ability to Listen Lack of rest If you lack sleep it becomes harder to listen Poor Nutrition Activity and nutrition help us listen Lack of Interest Hard to listen if you don’t care Try to assume the speaker has something interesting to say

6. Ability to Listen Personality of Speaker Speaker’s mannerisms are bothersome Don’t like the speaker Environment Negative features can inhibit listening

7. Critical Listening A listener who analyzes and tests the speaker’s ideas.

8. Listen Critically Understanding what is being said and testing the strength of what is being said. Identify the speaker’s goal Identify main ideas Identify supporting details Use context clues Take advantage of nonverbal clues

9. Reasoning Faulty reasoning A mistake in the reasoning process. Generalizations General conclusions or opinions drawn from particular observations Example: Fishing is good at Spiritwood Lake

10. Reasoning cont. Hasty Generalizations General conclusions or opinions that are drawn from very few – 1 to 2 – observations Example: Student turns one paper in late, then all papers will be late. Begging the Questions Assuming the truth of a statement before it is proven

11. Reasoning cont. Irrelevant evidence Information that has nothing to do with the argument being made It may sound impressive, but unless it is related to the point at hand it shouldn’t be used. False Premises Premise - a stated or implied starting point for an argument - is assumed to be true.

12. Reasoning Cont. False Premise A premise that is untrue or distorted. Example: We have a good starting line-up on the BBB team, so we will win. False Analogy Draws invalid conclusion from weak or often farfetched comparisons. Example: Jim can play the guitar so well he should be able to play the flute.

13. Propaganda Persuasion Convincing others to do something or believe something. Propaganda A form of persuasion that tries to convince people to accept an idea or belief without thinking for themselves. Speakers try propaganda

14. Propaganda Transfer Building a connection between things that are not connected Bandwagon Encouraging people to act because everyone else is. Name-calling Labeling to arouse powerful negative feelings. Card-Stacking Presenting partial information to leave in inaccurate impression.

15. Propaganda Stereotypes A biased belief or attitude about a group of people. Emotional Appeals Statements used arouse emotional reactions Loaded Words Words that evoke positive or negative feelings.

16. Being an Effective Listener Get ready physically to listen Pay attention to the speaker Practice listening critically Identify faulty reasoning and propaganda techniques. Do not jump to conclusions Listen actively

17. Association Tying a behavior to an image Mnemonic devices Rhymes, acronyms, and other verbal forms to help remember information.