1. Industrial Revolution Global 10 Honors Chapter 10

2. Focus Questions: What was the Industrial Revolution? Where did it begin? What were the results, problems and solutions?

3. Why England? Long Range Causes Agricultural Revolution ▫Crop rotation- Expansion of Farmland ▫Good weather ▫New crops- potato ▫Farmers raised sheep and cattle ▫New machines: reaper and Thresher ▫Enclosure Movement- forced many peasants to move to towns, creating a labor supply Significance Ordinary citizens could buy manufactured goods Population Increase ▫People living longer – why? ▫More babies surviving  Why?

4. Why England? Immediate Causes New inventions labor Natural resources: rivers for power and transport, coal and Iron Entrepeneurs Capital to invest Existence of markets – colonial empire Laissez-faire economy

5. Industrial Revolution Is the change that took place in the means of production. Begins 1750 Change from home to factory and from hand to machine (cottage Industry) 1750-1870 = First Industrial Revolution (water, steam) 1870- today = Second IR (electricity) Is there a 3 rd ?

6. Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution Many types of complicated power driven machinery used Large scale use of coal and iron = steel Businessmen set up buildings called factories used to carry on production Population of cities grew rapidly = Urbanization Division between owners and workers Division of labor introduced for more efficient production

7. Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution New technology made possible increase in production at a low price for a wide market Swifter and more efficient means of transportation ( steamboats, autos, planes) and communication (telegraph, computers) were developed Scientific principles were applied to solve practical problems in manufacturing and distribution

8. Immediate Effects Population explosion Rapid growth of cities Development of new financing strategies and international economy Industrial Capitalism Rise of a powerful middle class - bourgeoisie Railroad Use of child labor

9. Long Range Effects Labor reform and labor unions Growth of democracy Rise of socialism Romanticism in literature, art, and music Realism in literature and art

10. Problems….. Long hours Low wages Unsafe conditions Unsanitary conditions Child labor slums

11. Results of the Industrial Revolution Political ▫Power in government passes to the middle class and eventually the workers = universal suffrage ▫Arises a need for government regulation to protect consumers and workers  Child labor laws  Anti-trust laws ▫Imperialism and Nationalism ▫Rise of labor unions, collective bargaining and STRIKE

12. Results Social ▫Increase in population ▫Urbanization ▫Women and children crowd the labor markets, willing to work for low wages ▫Problems:  Loss of identity, monotony, slums  Deadliness of workplace ▫Benefits:  Improved status of women  More leisure time  15 hr day to 8 hr day  Free public education

13. Results Economic ▫Corporation, stockholders ▫Capital ▫Monopolies which could control prices, wages,hours and working conditions ▫Unemployment caused by overproduction and under consumption ▫factory system = mass production, assembly line ▫Standard of living rose