2. DNA RNA

3.  Made up of C, H, O, N, P

4. Nucleotides are the monomers of Nucleic Acids 1. 2. 3. 1.Phosphate Group 2.5-Carbon Sugar (Dexoyribose or Ribose) 3. Nitrogen Base Nucleotide

5.  Built first double helix model of DNA (spiral staircase) in the 1950’s http://www.thetech.org/gen etics

6.  What’s the shape of DNA? Double Helix (Twisted Ladder)  How many strands does DNA have? 2 Strands  What are the 3 main components of a DNA nucleotide?

7. What two components make up the backbone of DNA? Phosphates and Deoxyribose Sugar What does 3’ and 5’ Mean? What do you notice about the strands? The strands are ANTIPARALLEL! (DNA is read 5’ to 3’)

8. What makes up the “middle” of DNA? Nitrogen Bases What are the four Nitrogen Bases in DNA? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine What do you notice about the structures of Adenine and Guanine? Cytosine and Thymine? Which Bases Pair? A and T G and C A purine pairs with a pyrimidine! What type of bond forms between the bases? Hydrogen Bonds How many Hydrogen Bonds are between A and T? 2 G and C? 3

9. A=T C=G Chargaff found that adenine always equaled the amount of thymine And that cytosine always equaled the amount of guanine But….amounts differed between different organisms Complementary Base Pairing

10. If 30% of the bases in an organism are adenine, what percentage of cytosine is present? There would be 20% Cytosine Adenine (30%) = Thymine (30%) Guanine (20%) = Cytosine (20%) Therefore, 60% A-T + 40% C-G

11. Complete the Strand!

13.  How many strands does RNA have? 1 Strand  What are the 3 main components of a RNA nucleotide?

14. What two components make up the backbone of RNA? Ribose Sugars and Phosphates What four Nitrogen Bases are found in RNA? Guanine Cytosine Adenine Uracil

15.  What does cytosine base pair with?  What does adenine base pair with? A = U C = G DNA Strand 3’5’ What bases would be on the RNA strand? C U G U A C G A U G C 3’ 5’

16.  RNA is used in Protein Synthesis  3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

17. DNARNA Shape Sugar Type Nitrogen Bases Base Pairs Function