1. SIGNAL PRESENTATION

2. ILLEGAL ALIGNMENT IMPROPER SERVER
SIGNALS
ILLEGAL ALIGNMENT IMPROPER SERVER
Make a slow circular motion with arm and hand outstretched on the side of the violating team, palm down; then point towards the player(s) involved.

3. SIGNALS LINE VIOLATION
Indicate the line where the violation occurred by extending arm and pointing toward the line with the index finger with palm facing the net.
Includes foot faults, player across the center line and ball passing under the net during play (exception: a serve).

4. SIGNALS
ILLEGAL HIT
Slowly lift one arm and hand with the palm up on the side of the violating team, then hold the signal momentarily about chest high.

5. SIGNALS DELAY OF SERVICE
Raise the hand on the server’s side to a vertical position at head height with the fingers spread, palm forward.

6. SIGNALS
OVER THE NET
Pass forearm, palm down, over the net, originating from the side of the net where the foul occurred.

7. SIGNALS NET FOUL or NET SERVE
Hold the arm outstretched on the side of the violating team lightly touching the side of the net with open hand, fingers spread and palm toward the net.

8. SIGNALS LEGAL BACK ROW ATTACK
Arm on attacker’s side of the net is extended parallel to the floor at chest level, palm down. Then, make one slight horizontal sweeping motion when, in the judgment of the official, it is needed to indicate a legal back-row attacker.

9. ILLEGAL ATTACK OF SERVE BACK ROW ATTACK
SIGNALS
ILLEGAL ATTACK OF SERVE BACK ROW ATTACK
Raise hand on the side of the offending team with palm forward, head high and rotate forearm forward and downward.

10. ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREENING
SIGNALS
ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREENING
Raise both hands to head height, palms forward.

11. SIGNALS
BALL TOUCHED
The hand on the side of the offending team is held beside the head with the palm toward the head, then brush upward across the fingertips one time with the other hand, palm forward.

12. SIGNALS
FOUR HITS
The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held high, palm forward, showing four fingers.

13. SIGNALS
DOUBLE HIT
The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held head high, palm forward, showing two fingers.

14. SIGNALS BALL LANDS IN-BOUNDS
Outstretched open hand, with fingers together pointing toward the center of the attack area between the center line and attack line.

15. OUT OF BOUNDS ANTENNA VIOLATION
SIGNALS
OUT OF BOUNDS ANTENNA VIOLATION
Raise both hands, head high, fingers together, palms toward face, elbows bent.

16. SIGNALS
BEGIN SERVE
Extend the arm on the serving team’s side of the net, blow the whistle to begin the serve and move the extended hand and arm in a sweeping motion to the opposite shoulder.

17. AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER
SIGNALS
AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER
Extend the arm (palm forward) on the substitution side and make a forward sweeping motion waist high, open palm toward the respective court.

18. SIGNALS
POINT
Indicates point by extending the arm in the direction of the team that will serve next, palm perpendicular to the floor.

19. SIGNALS REPLAY/RE-SERVE
Both hands formed into fists, thumbs up and held head high in front of the body.

20. SIGNALS
SUBSTITUTION
Rotate hands formed into fists, thumbs up and held head high in front of the body.

21. SIGNALS ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION
Hold arm on side of offending team head high with an open hand, fingers together. Rotate twice with elbow bent. Then indicate the court of the offending team. FOLLOWED BY SIGNAL 21a or SIGNAL 17.

22. SIGNALS
TEAM TIME-OUT
Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a “T”, then indicate the court of the team requesting the time-out by extending the vertical arm towards that court.

23. SIGNALS OFFICIALS TIME-OUT
Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a “T”, then tap top of shoulders once with both hands.

24. SIGNALS UNNECESSARY DELAY
Both hands placed on the hips with elbows straight out to the side. Then indicate the court of the offending team. Followed by signal 21a or 17.

25. SIGNALS
END OF GAME
Arms are crossed in front of the body, chest high with hands open, fingers together, palms toward chest then extend arms outward towards the end lines. The referees signal the game is completed and players shall move to stand on their respective end lines.

26. SIGNALS CHANGE OF COURTS
Raise forearms, swinging right arm in front of the body and the left arm back of the body. Used after non-deciding games to direct teams to change courts (or after the coin toss prior to the final game if a change of courts is required).