1. T RANSCRIPTION / T RANSLATION Protein Synthesis

2. RNA RIBONUCLEIC ACID SINGLE STRANDED RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING THE GENETIC INFO. FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE CYTOSOL!

3. RNA N UCLEOTIDE Phosphate group Sugar molecule (ribose) Nitrogenous bases Adenine – URACIL Cytosine - guanine

4. RNA

5. 3 K INDS OF RNA mRNA – (messenger) brings info. from DNA in nucleus to cytosol tRNA –(transfer) brings amino acids to mRNA for translation rRNA –(ribosomal) makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made (globular)

6. TRANSCRIPTION!! DNA  RNA 1.RNA polymerase-initiates transcription by binding to region on DNA called PROMOTER 2. only ONE of the DNA chains will be used for transcription it’s call the TEMPLATE 3. RNA POLYMERASE – attached to first DNA nucleotide of template chain – then begins adding complementary RNA nucleotides

7. C ONT. T RANSCRIPTION 4. transcription continues until RNA polymerase reaches a TERMINATION SIGNAL on the DNA 5. RNA polymerase releases both the DNA mol. And newly formed RNA mol.

8. RNA REPLICATIONS

9. P ROTEIN S YNTHESIS PROTEINS CARRY OUT THE GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS ENCODED IN AN ORGANISM’S DNA!!!!

10. TRANSLATION T HE PROCESS OF ASSEMBLING FROM INFO. E NCODED IN A M RNA! 1. mRNA leaves nucleus 2. mRNA migrates to ribosome in cytosol for protein synthesis 3.amino acids floating in cytosol are transported to ribosomes by tRNA mole 4. peptide bonds join the amino acids to make polypeptide chain

11. V OCABULARY ! 1. GENETIC CODE: correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence 2. CODON 3 mRNA nucleotides, codes for a specific amino acid (64) 3. START CODON (AUG) & a.a. methionine 4. STOP CODON (UAA, UAG, UGA) 5. ANTICODON – 3 tRNA nucleotides carrying a specific amino acid!

12. P ROTEIN S YNTHESIS *

13. ! Peptide bond

14. THE SUMMARY! T HE C ENTRAL D OGMA