1. The American Nation Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 - Section 4 Tradition and Change in Europe Before the First Global Age, Prehistory–1600

2. Europe During the 1400s Was Like a Vacation… Think about a trip you took… What new things did you see? What activities did you enjoy? What new things did you buy? What did you tell your friends about when you returned? Share with a friend Volunteers to share with the class.

3. Activating Prior Knowledge – Connecting Africa and Asia to Europe before Exploration Revisiting KWL chart from Chapter 2 – Section 3 Round table – Share 1 thing you learned about African and Asian Trade Networks No repetition Taking into account what you learned about African and Asian Trade and its influence on cultures… What are reasons Europeans may have had to travel to other regions in the 1400s? How will this change European life?

4. Chapter 2, Section 4 Tradition and Change in Europe Objectives to learn What Jewish and Christian traditions influenced European civilization? How did ancient Greek and Roman traditions affect later Europeans? How did the Crusades and the growth of trade change Europe in the Middle Ages? How was the Renaissance a time of expanding horizons?

5. Picture Vocabulary Directions A picture will be shown that represents one of the vocabulary words. Stand up to guess what the picture represents. After you guess, you must use it in a complete sentence correctly or give an example to help you remember it. If this is done correctly, you will get a History Buck.

6. Socrates = Greek thinker who valued human reason to explain the world

7. Republic (Representative Democracy - US) A system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them.

8. Salvation = Christian belief of everlasting life

9. Aristotle = Greek thinker who valued human reason to explain the world

10. Direct Democracy = A form of government in which ordinary citizens have the power to govern.

11. Missionary = Person who spreads Chrisitian teachings across Europe (the World).

12. Manor = The Lord’s castle and the lands around it.

13. Astrolabe = Instrument that helped sailors determine their latitude at sea.

14. Feudalism = System of rule by lords who ruled their lands but owed loyalty and military service to a monarch

15. Crusades = Series of wars fought by Christians to control the Holy Land

16. Holy Land = Area including Jerusalem and the other places where Jesus had lived and taught.

17. Renaissance = Named after a French word meaning “rebirth” - It describes the period in Europe that lasted from the late 1300s – 1600s where there was a great burst of learning.

18. Joannes Gutenberg – Invented the Printing Press

19. Bartholomeu Dias = Portuguese explorer who reached the southern tip of Africa in 1488.

20. Vasco Da Gama = Portuguese explorer who rounded the tip of Africa and sailed up the coast of East Africa to cross the Indian Ocean to India in 1497.

21. Caravel = Portuguese ship with triangular sails and a steering rudder that could sail into the wind.

22. Previewing the section - What and How? What do I know?How do I know it?

23. Closure Homework: Read Chapter 2 – Section 4 (pp.55-60) Complete I saw…I thought worksheet while reading I saw in the text… - What should go here??? – Hint: Main Ideas/ Objectives. Exit ticket: Share with a friend one thing you remember about European Civilizations.

24. What traditions influence America today? Traditions in AmericaWhere do they come from?

25. European Traditions Concept Web In groups, you will create a concept web identifying what influences European traditions that influence American traditions today.

26. Chapter 2, Section 4 Jewish and Christian Traditions Judaism Belief in one God Duty to obey God’s rules. Credit Moses with bringing God’s laws to them, including the Ten Commandments, which is a set of religious and moral rules. Every Jew must obey religious and moral rules. Not even a ruler is above God’s laws. Diaspora – Scattering of Jews around the world more than 2,000 years ago Christianity Followers of Jesus Includes many Jewish traditions such as the Ten Commandments Belief in one God. Jesus preached about God’s goodness and mercy. Salvation, or everlasting life. Everyone was equal in the eyes of God. Christians organized a strong church. The church sent out missionaries, people who spread Christian teachings 391 A.D. – Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire

27. Chapter 2, Section 4 Greek and Roman Traditions Greek traditions Around 400 B.C., Greece entered a golden age. Greek artists created fine marble statues and elegant temples. Poets and playwrights created works that are still read today. Greek thinkers, such as Socrates and Aristotle, valued human reason. They believed that by using reason, individuals could understand the natural world. Greek thinkers made important contributions to science and mathematics, including the study of geometry and medicine. The people of ancient Athens created direct democracy, a form of government in which ordinary citizens have the power to govern. Athenian democracy was limited to free men whose parents had been born in Athens.

28. Chapter 2, Section 4 Greek and Roman Traditions Roman traditions In 509 B.C., the Romans overthrew their king and set up a republic, a system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them. A Senate and an assembly made the laws. The republic came to an end. Julius Caesar named himself dictator for life. His nephew Octavian declared himself emperor in 27 B.C. As emperor, he was called Caesar Augustus. The empire lasted for almost 500 years. In that time, Rome spread its language, Latin, across a wide area. Romans also spread their ideas about law. Everyone was equal before the law. Accused people were considered innocent until proven guilty. There were rules about the use of evidence in court.

29. Chapter 2, Section 4 Europe in the Middle Ages The period from about A.D. 500 to 1400 is known as the Middle Ages. (Invasion and warfare was very common.) Feudalism Kings and queens divided their lands among warrior nobles. In return, the nobles owed the monarch loyalty and military service. This system is called feudalism. The king and the most powerful lords were at the top of feudal society. Next came lesser nobles. Last were the peasants who farmed the lord’s lands and could not leave without his permission. Feudal life Life revolved around the manor, which included the lord’s castle and the lands around it. Each manor was self-sufficient. The most powerful force was the Roman Catholic Church. The Church owned large amounts of land. The Church was also the source of education. In 900 A.D., life began to change – Peasants used new methods of farming, less warfare, more trade, more global view.

30. Chapter 2, Section 4 Europe in the Middle Ages The Crusades Between 1100 and 1300, European life began to change more rapidly. Christians fought a series of wars to control the Holy Land—the Crusades. In the end, they were unsuccessful. Holy Land – Jerusalem and the other places where Jesus had lived and taught. Review with Crusades PowerPoint Growth of trade The Crusades sparked trade. Returning Crusaders demanded more of the Asian foods, spices, silks, and woven rugs that they had seen on the Crusades. Italian merchants increased their trade with the Muslim world. New navigation tools Trade brought new knowledge—increased sailing skills, the magnetic compass, and the astrolabe, an instrument that helped sailors determine their latitude.

31. Chapter 2, Section 4 Europe During the Renaissance Increased trade and travel made Europeans want to learn about the world. They began to look to the learning of ancient Greece and Rome. They began to make their own discoveries in art, medicine, astronomy, and chemistry. This great burst of learning was called the Renaissance (1300 – 1600s), a French word meaning “rebirth.” The rise of strong kings and queens – Trade brought prosperity. Rulers began to increase their power. They saw that profits could be made through trade.

32. Invention of the Printing Press Invented by Johannes Gutenberg The printing press helped to spread Renaissance learning. Now that books no longer had to be copied by hand, they were less expensive. More people could own books. People began to read, and learning spread more quickly. 1 st book published = Bible.

33. The Historical Background of the Renaissance (6:52)***

34. Closure Homework: Complete Mapping India by Sea worksheet. Exit Ticket: Write down 3 important things you learned today. Please write your name on the index card.

35. Chapter 2, Section 4 Mapping India by Sea Map - Europe During the Renaissance

36. Renaissance – Time of Expanding Horizons (3:50) What are examples of why the Renaissance is a time of expanding horizons???

37. Chapter 2, Section 4 Europe During the Renaissance New trade routes Muslim and Italian merchants controlled the trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea. So, European rulers began to look for new routes. Portuguese voyages Portugal was a leader in the search for new routes. Portugal’s Prince Henry set up a school of navigation and shipbuilding. The Portuguese designed a new type of ship, the caravel. Caravels could sail into the wind. Prince Henry, the Navigator caravel

38. Early Portuguese Exploration In 1419, Prince Henry the Navigator started a school in Portugal for sailors, captains, navigators, and mapmakers. Prince Henry the Navigator Map of African coast discovered by expeditions sponsored by Prince Henry

39. In 1487, Bartholomew Dias reached the Southern tip of Africa. Portugal Bartholomew Dias India

40. Portugal In 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa, reaching India. India Vasco da Gama

41. Portuguese Exploration (5:29) What were key events that helped Portugal control trade routes to India?

42. Exit Ticket Write your name and the letter of the best choice on the index card. Hand this in before you leave class. What area of the world had traditions and changes, known as the Renaissance, which lead to exploration and colonization? A.Europe B.Asia C.Africa D.The Middle East

43. Chapter 2, Section 4 Section 4 Assessment Over the centuries, the ideas of ancient Greece helped shape European traditions. Early Greek thinkers said that a) it was a sacred duty to obey God’s rules. b) God had given Moses the Ten Commandments. c) anyone, rich or poor, could achieve salvation. d) by using reason, individuals could understand the natural world. The Renaissance was a time when a) Christians fought a series of wars to control the Holy Land. b) increased trade and travel made Europeans thirst to learn more about the world. c) the Roman empire declined and invaders overran many regions. d) Europeans turned their backs on the rest of the world. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.

44. Chapter 2, Section 4 Section 4 Assessment Over the centuries, the ideas of ancient Greece helped shape European traditions. Early Greek thinkers said that a) it was a sacred duty to obey God’s rules. b) God had given Moses the Ten Commandments. c) anyone, rich or poor, could achieve salvation. d) by using reason, individuals could understand the natural world. The Renaissance was a time when a) Christians fought a series of wars to control the Holy Land. b) increased trade and travel made Europeans thirst to learn more about the world. c) the Roman empire declined and invaders overran many regions. d) Europeans turned their backs on the rest of the world. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.