1. Concept #3 Diffuse Distribution is ALMOST ALWAYS a reflection of a Systemic Disease Process – ARDS, Goodpastures, Cystic Fibrosis Focal Distribution is often a reflection of a Local Disease Process – Bacterial pneumonia, Contusion

4. Bonus: Atelectasis Does NOT Cause Fever Chest: Volume 107 (1), Jan 1995 81-84. Prospective evaluation of 100 post cardiac patients over first three days. Demonstrated an Inverse relationship with post-operative fever and atelectasis! Atelectasis: 43%  79% over 3 days. Fever (>38.0): 37%  17% over 3 days.

5. Atelectasis: Not A Cause of Fever Mavros, et al “Atelectasis as a cause of postoperative fever. Where is the clinical evidence? Chest; April 2011

6. Concept #4 The “Wide Mediastinum” is common and on its own, not concerning Mediastinal Width : Volume status, Rotation and Body Size Mediastinal Density : Blood or lymph nodes Mediastinal Contour: Tortuous aorta, ascending aorta dilatation, lymph nodes, mass

7. Pre and Post Dialysis

8. Pre and Post Line Placement

9. Trauma

10. Concerning or not?

12. Questions?

13. Concepts 1)Density differences form the image 2)Pattern and distribution are key 3)Diffuse versus focal reflects systemic versus local 4)Wide mediastinum

14. Objective #1 Remember your search pattern and use it! – Alphabet method (Airspaces, bones, cardiac, etc.) – BIO (Between, inside, outside the lungs) – Top down – Other My approach: Abnormalities, right lung, left lung, compare the two lungs, trachea, mediastinum, heart, outside the lungs (including abdomen) and bones

15. Objective #2 Learn appropriate positioning of ET tubes and central lines – ET tube 3-4 cm above the carina, at T4 or T5 vertebral body – Subclavian artery and vein: artery may arch above the clavicle on a frontal CXR, vein does not – SVC: begins at approximately the 1 st anterior rib space – Cavoatrial junction: ~2 vertebral bodies below the carina, or about 2 cm below the initial SVC-right atrium bump,

16. Objective #3 List the six commonly encountered radiographic patterns on CXR – Consolidation – Ground Glass – Lines (interstitial or septal thickening) – Nodules Tree-in-Bud opacities – Peripheral Lace-like opacities – Cysts

17. Objective #3 Of the six, focus on consolidation and GGO – Acute? Think infection, water, blood for either – Don’t forget about atelectasis But don’t worry about it either, it’s hard to learn

18. ‘Education is the Progression from a Cocky Ignorance to a Miserable Uncertainty.’ Mark Twain