1. The Civil War Ch:16 - 18 Timeline 1861-1865 & Reconstruction Era Pages 478-549

2. Cause & Effect ► September 1850 The Compromise of 1850 goes into effect ► Pg. 461 Laws intended to settle the major disagreements between the free and slave states. To please the North, CA would be admitted as a free state. South, Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery for rest of the territories won from Mexico.

3. Cause & Effect ► 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act goes into effect ► Pg. 464 Law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery. The bill angered opponents of slavery and soon turn Kansas into a battle ground over slavery.

4. Cause & Effect ► February 1861 Confederate State of America was formed ► Pg. 473 The states that had seceded from the Union met in Montgomery, AL and decided to form a confederation and named Jefferson Davis as president. Ended the hopes of avoiding the war.

5. Cause & Effect ► April 1861 Confederate guns open fire on Fort Sumter ► Pg. 481 A federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, SC. Marked the beginning of the Civil War.

6. Cause & Effect ► July 1861 the First Battle of Bull Run ► Pg. 485 Confederate wins and dashes Union hopes of winning the war quickly and easily.

7. Cause & Effect ► March 1862 Ironclads - The Monitor meets the Virginia ► Pg. 491-492 Warships covered in iron; marked the advancement in military technology. Union wins and signaled a revolution in naval warfare and casualties soared.

8. Cause & Effect ► April 1862 The Battle of Shiloh ► Pg. 494 Union wins and forced the Confederacy to retreat, they gained the upper hand in the struggle to control Mississippi River valley. The first bloody battle of the war.

9. Cause & Effect ► June 1862 Seven Days’ Battle ► Pg. 494 Battle in which the Confederacy forced the Union to retreat before it could capture the Southern Capital of Richmond. Gen. Lee took charge of the Confederate Army and ended the Union threat in Virginia.

10. Cause & Effect ► September 1862 The Battle of Antietam ► Pg. 497 Union wins and it is the bloodiest single-day battle of the war and American history. General Lee lost a large number of his troops (Confederate Army), and his northward advance had been stopped.

11. Cause & Effect ► January 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect ► Pg. 504 An executive order issued by President Lincoln, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union. The loss of slave labor severely damaged the southern economy and the Confederate war effort and had a tremendous impact on the public.

12. Cause & Effect ► March 1863 54 th Massachusetts Regiment was assembled ► Pg. 506 One of the first African- American regiments organized to fight for the Union. Their heroism increased African-American enlistment.

13. Cause & Effect ► July 1863 The Union army wins major victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. ► Pg. 513 battle in which the Union defeated the Confederacy, renewed northern confidence that the war could be won. On Nov. 1863, Pres. Lincoln spoke at the dedication of a cemetery, The Gettysburg Address.

14. Cause & Effect ► Nov. 1863 President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address ► Pg. 513-514 reminded Americans of the ideals on which the republic was founded

15. Cause & Effect ► July 1863 Siege of Vicksburg ► Pg. 516 battle in which the Union defeated the Confederacy and enabled them to control the entire Mississippi River. The South was split in two and the tide of war turned in favor of the North. Britain gave up all thought of supporting the South.

16. Cause & Effect ► April 1865 Gen. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House ► Pg. 519 marked the end of the Confederate war effort

17. Cause & Effect ► 1865 Congress proposes the Thirteenth Amendment on January 1865 and the law went to effect on December 1865 ► Pg. 521 & 270 An amendment to the U.S. Constitution banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the U.S. Freeing millions of enslaved persons.

19. Cause & Effect ► Sept. 1864 Atlanta falls to the Union ► Pg. 598 deprived the South of a vital railroad junction, center of industry. The capture of Atlanta helped Lincoln’s campaign for re- election.

20. Cause & Effect ► March 1867 Congress passes the first federal Reconstruction Act ► Pg. 621 acts required all southern states to create new state constitutions supporting the Fourteenth Amendment before they could be readmitted to the Union

21. Cause & Effect ► Feb. 1869 Congress proposes the Fifteenth Amendments ► Pg. 623 Gave African American men throughout the United States the right to vote.

22. Cause & Effect ► March 1875 Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1875 ► Pg. 627 Allowed African Americans to sue private businesses for discrimination.

23. Cause & Effect ► March 1877 The Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction ► Pg. 628 The Democrats agreed to accept Hayes’s victory if all remaining federal troops were removed from the South.