1. Greenhouse effect what is it?

2. Which are the greenhouse gases  water vapor, which contributes 36–70%  carbon dioxide, which contributes 9–26%  methane, which contributes 4–9%  ozone, which contributes 3–7%

3. CO 2 and fossil fuels 1.Fossil fuels burning produces CO 2 2. CO 2 is accumulating in the atmosphere 3.Heat from solar energy is trapped beneath CO 2 layer 4.Temperature of the atmosphere becomes higher

4. Is there evidence for global warming? It appears that there is a temperature increase of 0.5 o C the last 100 years It appears that there is a temperature increase of 0.5 o C the last 100 years

5. What is the relationship between global warming and greenhouse gases ? Can you see the similarity?! Can you see the similarity?!

6. The impact of global warming in Europe Southeastern Norway Southeastern Norway The year 2000 was the wettest year since records began in 1895. Precipitation in northern Europe has increased 10-40% in the last century. The year 2000 was the wettest year since records began in 1895. Precipitation in northern Europe has increased 10-40% in the last century. Samos Island, Greece Samos Island, Greece July 2000 Fires due to dry conditions and record-breaking heat consumed one-fifth of the island. Temperatures reached up to 104F (40 C) in some areas. July 2000 Fires due to dry conditions and record-breaking heat consumed one-fifth of the island. Temperatures reached up to 104F (40 C) in some areas. Caucasus Mountains, Russia Caucasus Mountains, Russia Half of all glacial ice disappeared in the past 100 years. Half of all glacial ice disappeared in the past 100 years. Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean Decreasing ice cover. Satellite measurements indicate the area of perennial ice cover has decreased by about 7% per decade since 1978. Decreasing ice cover. Satellite measurements indicate the area of perennial ice cover has decreased by about 7% per decade since 1978.

7. The impact of global warming in Europe (continued) United Kingdom United Kingdom Birds laying eggs early. From 1971 to 1995, 31 percent of 65 bird species studied in England showed significant trends towards earlieregg laying, moving up the date by an average of 8.8 days Birds laying eggs early. From 1971 to 1995, 31 percent of 65 bird species studied in England showed significant trends towards earlieregg laying, moving up the date by an average of 8.8 days Austria Austria Alpine plants retreat up mountains. Over a 70 to 90 year period, alpine plants in the Austrian and Swiss Alps moved higher up on mountain slopes in response to an increase in average annual temperature. Alpine plants retreat up mountains. Over a 70 to 90 year period, alpine plants in the Austrian and Swiss Alps moved higher up on mountain slopes in response to an increase in average annual temperature. Turku, Finland Turku, Finland Longer growing season. The growing season has lengthened by over 10 days over the last century. Throughout the Nordic region the start of the growing season has become progressively earlier by between 4 and 12 days. Longer growing season. The growing season has lengthened by over 10 days over the last century. Throughout the Nordic region the start of the growing season has become progressively earlier by between 4 and 12 days. and so on !!! and so on !!!

8. Global annual CO 2 emissions 23.579 million tones of CO2 are emitted annually from human activities Only 20% of energy used does not produce CO2

9. The Kyoto Protocol  The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.

10. But are the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon dioxide(CO2) emission targets? The 2010 projection figures are based on existing domestic policies and measures, already implemented by the member states. Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq). But are the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon dioxide(CO2) emission targets? The 2010 projection figures are based on existing domestic policies and measures, already implemented by the member states. Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq).

11.  The average European produces 11 tonnes of 11 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent per year CO 2 equivalent per year

12.  What can we do as individuals individuals in order to reduce in order to reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions ? Carbon Dioxide Emissions ?

13. Four simple steps  1 Turn down  2 Switch off  3 Recycle  4 Walk

14. References  http://environment.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/sreport_graphic/energy-fuels- mg18725151500.jpg http://environment.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/sreport_graphic/energy-fuels- mg18725151500.jpg http://environment.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/sreport_graphic/energy-fuels- mg18725151500.jpg  http://www.carbonfootprint.com/ http://www.carbonfootprint.com/  http://actonco2.direct.gov.uk/index.html http://actonco2.direct.gov.uk/index.html  http://www.mycarbonfootprint.eu/index.cfm?language=en http://www.mycarbonfootprint.eu/index.cfm?language=en  http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm  http://www.climatehotmap.org/ http://www.climatehotmap.org/  http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/reducing_emissions_energy_transport.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/reducing_emissions_energy_transport.pdf  http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/subjects.aspx http://www.geocities.com/pfourtgr/thermokipio.html http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/subjects.aspx http://www.geocities.com/pfourtgr/thermokipio.html http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/subjects.aspx http://www.geocities.com/pfourtgr/thermokipio.html  http://www.energy.eu/ http://www.energy.eu/ http://www.energy.eu/  http://ec.europa.eu/environment/youth/air/air_el.html http://ec.europa.eu/environment/youth/air/air_el.html  http://climate.wwf.gr/ http://climate.wwf.gr/ http://climate.wwf.gr/  http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/ http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/  http://realclimate.org http://realclimate.org  http://www.newscientist.com/channel/earth/climate-change http://www.newscientist.com/channel/earth/climate-change  http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026845.200-heat-we-emit-could-warm-the-earth.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026845.200-heat-we-emit-could-warm-the-earth.html  http://www.ecobridge.org/content/g_evd.htm#graph http://www.ecobridge.org/content/g_evd.htm#graph  http://www.icr.org/article/3233/ http://www.icr.org/article/3233/  http://www.solarenergy.org/resources/energyfacts.html http://www.solarenergy.org/resources/energyfacts.html