1. Chapter 33 The Health of the Environment
Lesson 1
Air and Water

2. Lesson 1 Objectives: Identify sources of air pollution.
Explain the green house effect.
Explain the effect of CFC’s on the ozone layer.
Name sources of water pollution.

3. Air Pollution
The contamination of the earth’s atmosphere by substances that pose a health threat to humans, plants, and animals
The earth is the only home we have. How we take care of it will impact our own health.

4. 2 Main Forms of Air Pollutants
Gases
Most are produced by fossil fuels such as coal, oil, wood, or natural gas
Another source is the evaporation of liquid solvents
Particulates
Tiny particles suspended and carried through air
Could be dust, soot, and mold spores
Also occur suspended in gases
Liquid solvents include paint thinners

5. Gases Carbon monoxide (CO)
Colorless, odorless gas that results from the burning of most substances
Sources include tobacco smoke and exhaust fumes
Binds with hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying part of blood) and prevents body from receiving the oxygen it needs
Can be fatal

6. Gases Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides
Produced from burning fossil fuels like coal and oil
Cause burning and tearing of eyes
Can trigger respiratory problems
“Acid rain” is a by-product which can destroy plant life and corrode stone and metal

7. Acid Rain Damage
Pictures of acid rain destroyed forests and a stone gargoyle damaged by it.

8. Gases
Carbon dioxide
When large amounts of gas are released into atmosphere by burning petroleum, coal, and other fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect can occur

9. Greenhouse Effect
A slowdown in the rate at which the earth loses heat, causing an increase in the earth’s temperature
Global warming negatively affects crops and causes sea levels to rise
As the polar ice caps melt

10. Gases
Hydrocarbons
-Combination of hydrogen and carbon incompletely burned
-Motor vehicle exhaust is the primary source
-Poisonous and linked to some cancers
-Primary source is vehicle exhaust

11. Smog
The reaction of hydrocarbons with nitric oxide in the presence of sunlight produces smog
Can reduce visibility by 70% and causes eyes to sting

12. Gases Chlorofluorocarbons -CFC’s are invisible and odorless
compounds of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
-Used as refrigerants and propellants in aerosol spray cans
-They rise and react with sunlight to produce chemicals that destroy ozone molecules that protect the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays

13. Particulates
EPA estimates 60,000 people in US die each year from respiratory problems linked to particulate emissions from
Lead
Asbestos
Particulates can take the form of dust, soot and mold spores

14. Particulates
Lead
Can poison kidneys, liver, and nervous system and can cause mental retardation in babies and children
Paint-related lead poisoning is a problem in substandard buildings
Are their any hunters in class? Have they seen pictures of waterfowl with lead poisoning?

15. Lead Sources

16. Effects of Lead

17. Asbestos Effects

18. Sources of Asbestos Asbestos Mineral occurring in the form of fibers
Once used on hot-water pipes and as a fireproof insulator
Linked to lung cancer, especially in people who also smoke
The picture represents where asbestos might be found in a home

19. Mesothelioma
Cancer of a membrane that covers and protects most internal organs of the body
Disease in which cells become abnormal and divide without control invading and damaging nearby tissues and organs
Most people who develop it have worked in jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles
Tile layers, demolition crews, remodelers, pipe fitters,

20. Water Pollution
Industry, agriculture, and private citizens threaten the health of freshwater sources
Have students seen large buildups of green on any area lakes. Do any of them know what milfoil is and how they can help stop its spread? Have they ever seen the writing on the drain areas of city streets? Do not dump oil or throw garbage down those areas – it ends up in the Mississippi River. Have they ever heard concerns about not eating too many fish from the river? Why? Mercury concerns.

21. Water Pollution Raw Sewage and Industrial Wastes
When sewage is dumped in quantities too large to be biodegradable (able to be broken down by microorganisms in the environment) the water is no longer safe for use
Disease-causing viruses and bacteria become a serious threat to humans and aquatic life
Industry wastes include acids, dyes, and metals

22. Water Pollution Harmful Chemicals
Runoff
Polluted groundwater that drains into streams
Pesticides and herbicides are toxic and can contaminate drinking water
Household cleaning products like bleaches and detergents contain chlorine or phosphates

23. Water Pollution Oil Spills
Millions of gallons of petroleum and crude oil are transported in world’s waterways each day
Tank flushings and offshore rigs can release oil into ocean
Should explore alternative energy sources
Picture of a mild spill in Yellow Sea South Korea

24. Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 1 objectives?
Identify the sources of air pollution.
Explain the greenhouse effect.
Explain the effect of CFC’s on the ozone layer.
Name sources of water pollution.

25. Ch 33 The Health of the Environment
Lesson 2
Land

26. Lesson 2 Objectives:
Identify environmental problems associated with waste disposal.
Describe the effects of population growth on the environment.
Explain the difference between deforestation and desertification.

27. Toxic Dumping
Each year billions of tons of solid waste are dumped, burned, and buried in the US.

28. Toxic Dumping Creates 2 problems: Landfills are nearing full capacity
The nature of the wastes are changing
EPA calls hazardous waste any substances that are explosive, corrosive, flammable, or toxic to human or other life forms
Generated by military private industry, hospitals, & individuals

29. Toxic Waste
Wastes release gases and other toxins that seep into soil, polluting underground and surface water
Landfills are being lined and they are trying to keep them away from flooding and high groundwater
More reliable options need to be explored

30. Toxic Spill

31. Nuclear Waste Disposal
Nuclear wastes are radioactive and extremely dangerous
Decay rates – must be isolated for 10,000 years +
Low level storage site in Kentucky.

32. Expansion and Development
Population growth is accelerating
Took ½ million years to reach 1 billion
Next billion were born in 80 years
Have been clearing land to make room

33. Expansion and Development Disappearing Forests
Deforestation – destruction of forests when making way for farms, ranch land &/or industry
Upsets balance of nature (takes away homes for plants & animals, erosion, flooding, sediment build up, changes patterns of rainfall)
Rainfall is affected when rates of evaporation and transpiration (vapor exhaled from the surface of green plants) are altered. Without trees, precipitation declines and the region grows hotter and drier. Ultimately deserts replace rainforests.

34. Expansion and Development Expanding Deserts
Desertification – the conversion of grasslands, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desert like conditions
Creates a drop in agricultural productivity

35. Expansion and Development Responding to These Environmental Trends
Care must be taken to avoid destruction of land features and undue drain on natural resources
Preserve habitats of plants and animals

36. Did you master the Ch 22 Lesson 2 objectives?
Identify environmental problems associated with waste disposal.
Describe the effects of population growth on the environment.
Explain the difference between deforestation and desertification.

37. Chapter 33 The Health of the Environment
Lesson 3
Being an Involved Citizen

38. Lesson 3 Objectives: Identify ways to conserve home energy.
Discuss the rules of “precycling”.
Describe the guidelines for recycling.

39. Conservation
Protection and preservation of the environment

40. Guidelines for Home Conservation
70% of the energy used at home is for heating or cooling
20% used to heat water
10% goes toward lighting, cooking and running small appliances

41. Guidelines for Home Conservation
Brainstorm things you and your family could do to conserve energy in the following areas:
Heating and cooling
Water (Who can come up with the most responses for this category?)
Lighting
Cooking
Doors and windows shut, constant air conditioner temps, turn thermostat down at night in cold weather.
Wash clothes in warm or cold water, fix leaky faucets, get efficient toilets.
Use fluorescent bulbs when possible, use 1 high watt instead of two low watt bulbs when possible.
Cook with stove rather than oven.
Share student tips and add more ideas from the hardcopy resources included with this lesson. Pay special attention to who came up with the most water saving tips and compare those answers to the 100 tips listed in the resource article.

42. Rules of “Precycling” 1. Be selective about packaging.
2. Choose products packaged in recyclable materials (paper, glass, aluminum, and cardboard – not polystyrene which contains CFCs).
3. Avoid disposable items.
4. Buy in bulk.
Can package a product comes in be reused or refilled?
Disposable items include disposable razors, diapers, cups and plates.
Buying in bulk saves money and uses less packaging than small or single-serving items.

43. Precycling
Can you name 5 items you currently purchase that do not meet the “precycling” rules. What substitutions could be made to become a more eco friendly consumer?
We could discuss this question and/or have students hand in their responses for 5 points.

44. Recycling
Treating of waste so that it can be reused, as well as an awareness of such practices.
Saves energy
Saves resources by reducing the need for cutting trees, mining and drilling
Can produce 6 times as many jobs as when landfills and incineration are used

45. Guidelines for Recycling
80% of household waste can be recycled
Aluminum
Cardboard
Clothing and household items
Glass
Oil
Paper
Tires
Computer printer toner cartridges

46. Recycling Trivia
Students will form small groups and play a recycling trivia game. The teacher will be asking numerous questions concerning facts about recycling. Let’s see which group has the most recycling savvy.

47. Protecting the Environment
Become an informed consumer.
Contact organizations that conserve resources, and educate people on environmental issues.
Take action against local polluters.

48. Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 3 objectives?
Identify ways to conserve home energy.
Discuss the rules of precycling.
Describe the guidelines for recycling.

49. Ch 33 Test
You will be taking a test on Ch 33 on the date set by the teacher.
FYI – 25 points total
10 Points in terms with no word bank
10 Points in true or false questions
5 Points in short answer questions