1. Warm Up B A C D E Voltaire Thomas Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau
Directions: Match the Enlightenment philosopher to the best match.
Warm Up B A
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Mary Wollstonecraft C D E

2. The French Revolution

3. Effects of the Enlightenment
Ideas on government inspire calls for Democracy
American Revolution
Rebellions in Latin America
Growing unrest in France

4. French Society
French society was divided into 3 classes called “Estates”:
First Estate
Catholic church officials &Clergy
1st
2nd Estate
Nobility & aristocracy
3rd Estate
Bourgeoisie – educated city lawyers, doctors, businessmen
Peasants & farmers
2nd
3rd

5. The 1st Estate
Only 1% of population
Own 10% of land
Pay NO taxes

6. The 2nd Estate 3% of population Own 20% of the land Pay NO TAXES
Control government & live off collected tax money

7. The 3rd Estate 95% of population Almost no say in government
Pay all the taxes
Pay tithes to Church

8. King Louis XVI Huge debt from the Palace of Versailles
Absolute Monarch but a weak ruler
Attempts reforms but many fail due to nobility

9. Marie Antoinette
Queen of France
BIG spender
“Let them eat cake”??

10. Marie Antoinette
Consider the following pictures... What do you think the French peasants would have thought of her?

11. Abbé Sieyès Member of the Estates General
What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something!
Member of the Estates General
Inspires 3rd Estate to seek power

12. The Estates General Type of representation Rarely meet
1 vote per Estate
3rd Estate ALWAYS outvoted

13. The National Assembly
Locked out of the Estates General, 3rd Estate signs the Tennis Court Oath
Creates a National Assembly
Issue the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

14. The Great Fear Peasants riot throughout France
Nobles homes ransacked by the 3rd Estate

15. The Storming of the Bastille
Prison in Paris & symbol of royal authority stormed
Starts the revolution – July 14, 1789

16. Declaration of the Rights of Man
The first key measure taken by the National Assembly was the formal abolition of the old feudal system.
This was followed by the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
A document setting out the basic principles of the new order.
Equal rights, freedom of expressions, etc.

17. Declaration of the Rights of Man
Read over the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
What parts stand out to you as showing a complete change from old feudal system in France?

18. King in Versailles
Meanwhile, Louis XVI remained inactive in Versailles and refused to accept the decrees on the reforming of the old order.
In the fall of 1789 thousands of women marched to Versailles and confronted the king.
The crowd insisted the king and his family return to Paris.
He virtually became a prisoner in Paris.

19. Palace of Versailles
This is a picture of the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles.
Considering this picture, why do you suppose some of the people from France were angry with the King and his wife?

20. The Constitution of 1791
Despite its troubles the National Assembly continued its efforts to draft a new constitution.
By 1791 it had completed the constitution which established a limited constitutional monarch.
The power was with the Legislative Assembly in which 745 representatives would be voted in.
Old distinctions between clergy, nobles and commoners disappeared.
The king and his family attempted to flee but were captured and returned to Paris.

21. The Revolution Deepens
As the Revolution pushed forward, other European nations began to respond.
Why do you think other nations around Europe would be interested in the Revolution in France?

22. Execution of the King
In 1792, the National assembly was replaced by the more radical National Convention.
Confirmed the abolition of the monarchy.
After long deliberation, the Convention decided to make the King stand trial for treason.
Why would they make him stand trial for treason?

23. Execution of the King He was found guilty and sentenced to death.
On January 21st, Louis XVI was executed by guillotine.

24. Guillotine
The guillotine is introduced into France by Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotine, on the basis that is a more effective and humane means of execution than the tradition axe, which could take several blows to remove the head.

25. Robespierre Begins the Reign of Terror
Mass executions of enemies of the Revolution
Thousands sent to the guillotine

26. Georges Danton Leads the Committee of Public Safety
Designed to suppress opposition inside & outside France
Calls for the execution of King Louis

28. Consequences of the French Rev.
Considering everything you’ve learned about the French Revolution, why do you think it is still considered such an important event, even today?

29. Napoleon Military ruler
Takes power after a coup d'état after Revolutionary leaders go to far
Restores order after the chaos of Revolution

30. Napoleon Issues the Napoleonic Code – eliminates the Estate System
Simplifies the laws in France

31. Napoleon’s Empire

32. Napoleon’s Empire
Uses the continental system to isolate England and invade Europe
Invasion of Russia fails and devastates his army

33. The Fall of Napoleon Defeated by the British at Waterloo
Placed in prison in exile

34. Prince Metternich Leads the Congress of Vienna
Adopts a Balance of Power doctrine
Restores monarchies
Boundaries of Europe redrawn

35. Europe after the Congress of Vienna