1. Islam (Intro Video) SOL WHI. 8

3. Muhammad Born around 570 CE in a town called Mecca. Considered to be the greatest PROPHET of Allah (God) by Muslims. Founder of the Muslim religion of Islam.

4. Pictures of Muhammad and Allah God is supposed to be the focus, not Muhammad or Jesus or anyone else.

6. Muhammad At the age of 40, Muhammad had a vision. –The Angel Gabriel told him to be the messenger of Allah (God) and spread the message of Islam. –Islam means submission – submission to Allah (God). Muhammad began preaching the teachings of Islam.

7. Muhammad The first person to convert to Islam was Muhammad’s wife, Khadija. Once Muhammad began preaching about Islam, people began feeling threatened and ran Muhammad out of Mecca. In 622, he fled to Medina. –This is known as the hijra. first year of the Muslim calendar.

9. Muhammad While in Medina, Muhammad found believers and Islam spread rapidly. In 630, Muhammad led the people of Medina into Mecca. There they would conquer Mecca and bring Islam to Mecca. Muhammad would die in 632 after a brief illness.

10. Historical Turning Points Slavery was not based on race. Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus. –Trading centers before rise of Islam. Islamic capital moved to Baghdad. –Capital moved several times, Medina to Damascus. Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours. 732 Charles Martel halted the spread of Islam into Western Europe.

12. Historical Turning Points Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols. –Ferocious assault on the city in 1258. They burned buildings and slaughtered 50,000 inhabitants, including a caliph. –Caliph: Islamic ruler, political successor of Muhammad.

13. Historical Turning Points Death of Ali –He was elected the fourth caliph in 656 CE. He was fatally stabbed by a disillusioned follower. Murder led to a permanent schism in the Islamic world. –Schism: split in the Church Sunni/Shiite division http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAzQwwS-mCY

14. Islam the Religion Islam is a monotheistic religion like Christianity and Judaism. The Qur’an or Koran, is the sacred text of the Islam faith (comparable to the bible). Muslims believe in a final judgment for all people. Muslims believe Judeo-Christian prophets such as Moses and Jesus, but believe Muhammad is the greatest prophet. Also believe in the five pillars of Islam.

15. Five Pillars of Islam Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7pBGqM vN0o

16. All Muslims believe in the Five Pillars of Faith and hold them as sacred. 1.One God 2.Daily Prayer 3.Alms (Charity) for the poor 4.Fasting 5.Hajj (religious journey) Five Pillars of Faith

17. One God Muslims believe that there is one God whose name is “Allah”. –Arabic word for God. Muslims also believe that Muhammad was Allah’s messenger.

18. Daily Prayer Muslims believe they must pray at least 5 times a day. –Before sunrise, after sunrise, at noon, before sundown, and after sunset. They face the city of Mecca when they pray. Often times they get together and pray in a Mosque (Muslim Church).

20. Black Stone of Kaaba

21. Alms (Charity) to the Poor Muslims believe in giving back to the poor and helping those who are less fortunate. –Other religions share similar views for charity to poor.

22. Fasting Muslims fast from sunrise till sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. Ramadan is the holy season for Muslims, a time of cleansing of the soul and sacrifice. –9 th month of Islamic calendar –Exception: ill, traveling, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic or going through menstrual bleeding –Refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking, and engaging in sexual relations

23. Hajj Every Muslim must take a Hajj during their lifetime. A Hajj is a religious journey back to the holy land of Mecca. –Muslims worship at the mosque in Mecca. –Thousands of Muslims complete the Hajj each year.

25. Five Pillars of Islam Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7pBGqM vN0o

26. Jihad (video) Many Muslims look at jihad, or effort in God’s service, as another duty. It means a “struggle within or struggle to introduce Islam to others”. Jihad is often translated as “holy war” because of conquests that were made with military force.

27. Spread of Islam By 632, Islam began spreading across the Arabian Peninsula. Following the death of Muhammad, the Muslim people turned to the first caliph (successor of Muhammad), Abu Bakr. Islamic armies under Bakr carried Islam across the Byzantine and Persian Empires.

28. Spread of Islam Islam spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia, facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires. Brought Islam into Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, and Palestine by conquering these lands. Expanded despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers.

29. Arabian Peninsula

30. Spread of Islam

31. Islam continued to spread across Northern Africa. By the early 700’s, Muslims were nearing Europe. In 711, Muslims crossed the Strait of Gibraltar into Spain and pushed north into France.

32. Straight of Gibraltar

33. Spread of Islam (Video) In 732, The Muslims were defeated at the Battle of Tours by Christians. –Christian Armies were led by Charles Martel. This stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe, but Islam still remained strong in France.

34. Islamic Achievements 1 ) Language Arabic alphabet Qur’an was written in Arabic, this is the language that all Muslims speak. –Became the unifying language of the Middle East. Helped to facilitate (make) trade across Islamic lands. Translated ancient texts in Arabic. Why did a unified (unite/bring together) language help facilitate trade across the Islamic Lands?

35. Islamic Achievements 2) Mathematics Muslims adopted the Indian system of numbers which utilized the concept of zero. Invented Algebra. Used math to build Mosques, survey land, design pumps, and foundations.

36. Islamic Achievements 3) Science Chemist al-Razi identified diseases and created a medical encyclopedia. Physician, Ibn Sina, described bodily functions and diagnosed treatments for diseases.

37. Islamic Achievements 4) Literature Qur’an, first and greatest Islamic work, is still the sacred text of Islam. “Arabian Nights” – collection of folk tales –“One Thousand and One Nights” – another name Islamic civilization will also believe in the importance of knowledge and construct universities. WISH – “One thousand and One Nights”

38. Islamic Achievements 5) Art and Architecture Calligraphy-elegant handwriting. Since the Qur’an banned representation of living creatures, calligraphy was used for decoration. Continued to create mosaics.

39. Islamic Achievements Mosques - Adopted the domes and arches of the Byzantine architecture. –Holy churches of Islam. –Face Mecca – the holy city of Islam. Perhaps the greatest Islamic building is the Dome of the Rock. (Observation Sheet)

40. Dome of the Rock

42. Mosques

45. Divisions in Islam There are two main sects of Islam. This division began not long after the death of Muhammad. 1) Sunni Believe the caliph (leader) should be chosen by the Muslim community. 2) Shiite Believe the caliph should be a direct descendant of Muhammad.

46. Divisions in Islam Sunni –90% of Muslims today. –Opposed to fighting –Toleration of others. –Believe in peace and harmony among people.

47. Divisions in Islam Shiite: also known as Shi’a. Shiites translate part of the Koran that deals with jihad as holy wars, most Muslims translate this as inner struggle. There are several divisions within the Shiite sect itself. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAzQwwS-mCY

48. Famous Muslims Muhammad Ali – Professional boxer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar- professional basketball player Louis Farrahkan – Supreme minister of Nation of Islam, advocate for African American interests Malcolm X – Civil rights activist

49. Terrorism and Islam Today many people associate Muslims and Islam with terrorism. However, most Muslims do not believe in jihad, terrorism, or violence. The small minority that does believe in these acts have given Islam an unfair identity associated with terror.

50. Terrorism and Islam The instability of the Middle East has hurt the credibility of Islam, however Islam is still the fastest growing religion in the United States.