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Published byPatience Hardy Modified over 9 years ago
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Macromolecules
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What are macromolecules?
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What makes up Macromolecules? CHNOPS
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The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life
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What makes something Organic? If it contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Ex of an organic molecule… –HYDROCARBONS are important chemicals in biology…they contain only C and Hydrogen bonded in different proportions
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Hydrocarbons (a) Methane (b) Ethane (c) Ethene (ethylene) Molecular Formula Structural Formula Ball-and- Stick Model Space- Filling Model H H H H H H H H H H HH H H C C C CC CH 4 C2H6C2H6 C2H4C2H4 Name and Comments
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Functional Groups In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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Carboxyl Groups O C OH HC H H C O H H H C O C OO + H +
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Hydroxyl Group Ethanol H H H HH CC OH
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Carbonyl Group Carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (symbolized as C=O). Like hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups contribute to making molecules water-soluble. All sugar molecules have one carbonyl group, in addition to hydroxyl groups on the other carbon atoms. C O
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Two Forms of Carbonyl Groups: Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehyde groups, where the C=O group is at the end of an organic molecule. A hydrogen atom is also located on the same carbon atom. Keto groups, where the C=O group is located within an organic molecule. All sugars have either a keto or an aldehyde group. An aldehyde and a ketone may be structural isomers with different properties, as is the case for acetone and propanal. C O CCC H H HH H O H H H H H H H C C C O Propanal, an aldehyde Acetone, a ketone
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Aldehydes
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Functional Groups Phosphate O P O OH
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Sulfhydryl
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Amine Group
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Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES
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Monomers & Polymers: monomers smaller building blocks of the macromolecules POLYMERS: proteins: Mono=Amino acids nucleic acid: Mono= nucleotides carbohydrate: Mono= monosaccharides lipid: Mono=Fatty acids
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Putting together / Taking apart macromolecules: macromolecules: monomers polymers Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis fig 4.3
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19 Aug. 2009Chemistry.ppt20 Synthesis = dehydration synthesis Removal of OH + H forms water, H 2 O Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units.
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19 Aug. 2009Chemistry.ppt21 Disassembly = hydrolysis Break bond between monomer units. Add OH + H to fill bonding sites.
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Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule –Made of (elements) –Basic Unit (monomer) –Function –Where found –Examples
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Proteins - Composition Proteins can be made up of any or all of… –Carbon –Hydrogen –Nitrogen –Oxygen –Sulfur
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