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Macromolecules. What are macromolecules? What makes up Macromolecules? CHNOPS.

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Presentation on theme: "Macromolecules. What are macromolecules? What makes up Macromolecules? CHNOPS."— Presentation transcript:

1 Macromolecules

2 What are macromolecules?

3 What makes up Macromolecules? CHNOPS

4 The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life

5 What makes something Organic? If it contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Ex of an organic molecule… –HYDROCARBONS are important chemicals in biology…they contain only C and Hydrogen bonded in different proportions

6 Hydrocarbons (a) Methane (b) Ethane (c) Ethene (ethylene) Molecular Formula Structural Formula Ball-and- Stick Model Space- Filling Model H H H H H H H H H H HH H H C C C CC CH 4 C2H6C2H6 C2H4C2H4 Name and Comments

7 Functional Groups In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

8 Carboxyl Groups O C OH HC H H C O H H H C O C OO + H +

9 Hydroxyl Group Ethanol H H H HH CC OH

10 Carbonyl Group Carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (symbolized as C=O). Like hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups contribute to making molecules water-soluble. All sugar molecules have one carbonyl group, in addition to hydroxyl groups on the other carbon atoms. C O

11 Two Forms of Carbonyl Groups: Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehyde groups, where the C=O group is at the end of an organic molecule. A hydrogen atom is also located on the same carbon atom. Keto groups, where the C=O group is located within an organic molecule. All sugars have either a keto or an aldehyde group. An aldehyde and a ketone may be structural isomers with different properties, as is the case for acetone and propanal. C O CCC H H HH H O H H H H H H H C C C O Propanal, an aldehyde Acetone, a ketone

12

13 Aldehydes

14 Functional Groups Phosphate O P O OH

15 Sulfhydryl

16 Amine Group

17 Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES

18 Monomers & Polymers: monomers smaller building blocks of the macromolecules POLYMERS: proteins: Mono=Amino acids nucleic acid: Mono= nucleotides carbohydrate: Mono= monosaccharides lipid: Mono=Fatty acids

19 Putting together / Taking apart macromolecules: macromolecules: monomers polymers Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis fig 4.3

20 19 Aug. 2009Chemistry.ppt20 Synthesis = dehydration synthesis Removal of OH + H forms water, H 2 O Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units.

21 19 Aug. 2009Chemistry.ppt21 Disassembly = hydrolysis Break bond between monomer units. Add OH + H to fill bonding sites.

22 Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule –Made of (elements) –Basic Unit (monomer) –Function –Where found –Examples

23 Proteins - Composition Proteins can be made up of any or all of… –Carbon –Hydrogen –Nitrogen –Oxygen –Sulfur


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