1. Minerals – Chemistry Review

2. Minerals are made up of different chemical elements bound together

3. Elements An element is a substance that can not be made into simpler form by ordinary chemical means The smallest unit is an atom

4. The Atom Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus Electrons are negatively charged and are located outside of the nucleus

5. The number of protons plus neutrons gives the atom its atomic mass All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons

6. Isotopes Atoms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons are know as isotopes

7. Ions When an atom gains or loses electrons, it is known as an ion Atoms gain and lose electrons in order to have a full outermost valence shell

8. Molecules When atoms bond, they form compounds The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule

9. Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonds: Electrons are transferred between atoms. Metals give up electrons to non-metals Covalent bond: An atom shares one or more electrons with another atom