1. Causes of WWI

2. Causes of World War I
While the assassination of the Arch Duke Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary was the spark or catalyst for starting World War One, it was by no means the cause of it. Those causes were:
Alliances
Imperialism/ colonialism
Militarism
Industrialization
Nationalism
To remember the 5 causes : AIM IN

3. Murder at Sarajevo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE
Sunday morning, June 28th, 1914.
Sarajevo is a little town in Austria- Hungary
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is to become the emperor of all Austria-Hungary.

4. Murder at Sarajevo: 10am
The royal couple drive to the town hall in a 4 car motorcade. A bomb is thrown at the limousine, but the Archduke is not hurt.
Both the mayor and the chief of police assure the archduke there will be no more danger.

5. Murder at Sarajevo: Minutes Later
The motorcade moves on to the governor’s palace.
A 19 year-old, Gavriol Princip, steps up to the car and fires two shots from pointblank range.
1st shot hits the archduke in the throat and the 2nd shot hits his wife Sophia in the stomach.
Both die on the way to the hospital.
The assassin, Princip, tries to swallow poison but the poison fails to work.
The police round up Princep and 5 others. They are members of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand.

7. Murder at Sarajevo: Later that day
A friend of the assassin sends a message in code to the Serbian capital.
It reads, “Excellent sale of both horses.”
The members of the Black Hand know exactly what this code means. What they could not know was the terrible effect those 2 shots would have on world history.

8. Murder at Sarajevo: Predicting
1. How do you think Austria-Hungary will react to the murder of the archduke who was to become their emperor?
2. What action do you think Austria-Hungary will take against Serbia and the Black hand?
3. How might these actions affect the countries around Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
4. How might people in Canada react?

9. Rivals for Colonies
Imperialism = The desire of countries to build huge world-wide empires by gaining lands and colonies away from the homeland. This generated intense rivalry among European powers
Colonies source of wealth, power and glory
Industrialization was occurring around the world. European powers were scrambling to get parts of Africa (Great Magnificent Cake) for the rubber and palm oil.
Britain had the largest empire, including Canada. France & Russia also had colonies in various parts of the world. But by the time Germany wanted to build an empire, there were few valuable territories left.

12. Military Rivals
Arms Race = The building up of armies and navies by countries who wish to have the most powerful armed forces.
As nations competed to arm themselves with powerful weapons, ships, and forces, fears of the military might of opposing nations grew. The arms race escalated other tensions and ensured that once war began the struggle would be bloody and cost many lives.
Great Britain became concerned when Germany started building a huge navy. Britain depended on its navy to protect its vast empire.

13. Dangerous Alliances
Allies = Countries bound to support each other should a war threaten any one of them. These alliances divided Europe into hostile camps. While they were formed to balance power and ensure insecurity, in the end they made for a greater degree of instability in Europe.
Before World War 1, the following alliances existed:
Russia and Serbia
Germany and Austria-Hungary
France and Russia
Britain and France and Belgium
Japan and Britain

14. Dangerous Alliances
Triple Entente (Allies) = An alliance system, whose partners were Britain, France, and Russia.
Triple Alliance (Central Powers) = An alliance system, whose partners were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

15. Crisis in Europe before WWI
France & Germany were arguing over Morocco.
1906: International meeting at Algeciras, Spain
Spain was to remain independent but France could have police there.
France sent an army and so German responded by sending a warship
This was known as the Agadir Affair
Result was Morocco was made a protectorate of France and Germany was given land in the Congo.
Austria-Hungary & Russia argued over the Balkans.
Russia wanted to protect the Slavic peoples and help them to a seaport
A-H were opposed to Serbian expansion.
1908 A-H tried to add the states of Bosnia & Herzegovina to its territory
1st Balkan War (1912) where Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece & Montenegro defeated Turkey
2nd Balkan War (1913) where Serbia and Greece defeated Bulgaria.

16. Nationalism & Terrorism
Nationalism, a deep loyalty to one’s homeland, was causing problems between nations.
In Serbia, extreme nationalists formed a terrorist organization called The Black Hand.
Serbian Independence Movement = Many Serbs lived in Bosnia, a province under Austrian control. Black Hand Nationalists wanted to free all Serbs in Bosnia so they could live united in their own country of Serbia
June 28th, 1914, Sarajevo = Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.

17. June 28th, 1914
Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the deaths of the archduke and his wife.
Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum. If Serbia did not crush the Black Hand, Austria threatened to declare war. Serbia was refusing to accept the ultimatum.

18. July 26th, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
Serbia asked Russia for help. Russia started to get its armies ready to help Serbia.
France started to get its armies ready to help Russia.
Germany felt threatened when its two neighbours, Russia and France, began moving their armies.

19. August 1st, 1914
Germany declared war on Russia.

20. August 2nd, 1914 Germany declared war on France.
Germany attacked France by going through Belgium, a neutral country friendly with Britain.

21. August 4th, 1914
Britain declared war on Germany because it had attacked Belgium. Canada, as part of the British empire, was automatically at was too.

22. Statistics World War One included: 3 Continents 31 Countries
65 Million Soldiers
37 Million Casualties
91,198 Deaths by Gas
6,395 Allied and Neutral Ships Lost
$186.3 Billion Financial Losses

23. Youtube Clips: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7kp3vf1uKA

24. Brainpop: WWI

25. Map Activity Page 47 of YOUR textbook Label the map of Europe
Colour the Triple Alliance one shade
Colour the Triple Entrente another shade.
Leave the neutral countries white
Make sure you label the major bodies of water and cities (London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Rome, Moscow)

26. Europe

27. Countries Involved Central Countries Allied Countries Austria-Hungary
Greece
China
U.S.
Cuba
Nicaragua
Brazil
Siam
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Bulgaria
Serbia
Russia
France
Belgium
Great Britain
British Empire
Liberia
Japan
Montenegro
Italy
San Marino
Portugal
Romania
Countries that only cut off trade
Bolivia
Ecuador
Peru
Uruguay

28. Canadian Battles

29. Europe after WWI

30. Europe before/after WWI