1. Endocrine System Hormones Reproduction

2. Hormones Why are hormones needed?
chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body
communication needed to coordinate whole body
__________________________
growth hormones

3. Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones
__________________________ __________________________
chemicals cause changes in other parts of body
slow, long-lasting response
growth hormones
sex hormones
response hormones
metabolism hormones
and more….
Hormones coordinate slower but longer–acting responses to stimuli such as stress, dehydration, and low blood glucose levels. Hormones also regulate long–term developmental processes by informing different parts of the body how fast to grow or when to develop the characteristics that distinguish male from female or juvenile from adult. Hormone–secreting organs, called endocrine glands, are referred to as ductless glands because they secrete their chemical messengers directly into extracellular fluid. From there, the chemicals diffuse into the circulation.

4. Regulation by chemical messengers
___________________ released by neurons
______________ release by endocrine glands
endocrine gland
neurotransmitter
axon
hormone carried by blood
________________
________________
target cell

5. Glands __________________ melatonin many hormones: master gland
thyroxine
adrenaline
insulin, glucagon
estrogen
testosterone

6. Body Regulation Nervous system & Endocrine system work together
_________________________
“__________________________”
receives information from nerves around body about internal conditions
communicates with _________________________
“________________________”
releases many hormones
sexual development, growth, milk production, pain-relief
hormones

7. Maintaining homeostasis
hormone 1
gland
lowers body condition
high
specific body condition
low
raises body condition
gland
Negative Feedback Model
hormone 2

8. specific body condition
Negative Feedback
Response to changed body condition
every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level
once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off
hormone 1
gland
lowers body condition
high
specific body condition

9. Controlling Body Temperature
Nervous System Control
Feedback
Controlling Body Temperature
nerve signals
brain
sweat
dilates surface blood vessels
high
body temperature
low
constricts surface blood vessels
shiver
brain
nerve signals

10. Regulation of Blood Sugar
Endocrine System Control
Feedback
Regulation of Blood Sugar
insulin
body cells take up sugar from blood
liver stores sugar
reduces appetite
pancreas
liver
high
blood sugar level
low
liver releases sugar
triggers hunger
pancreas
liver

11. Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body changes how do they work
_________________
start new processes in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant”

12. Pituitary gland hormones
Sex & reproductive hormones
________________
_______________________________
stimulates egg & sperm production
stimulates ovaries & testes
prepares uterus for fertilized egg
oxytocin
stimulates childbirth contractions
releases milk in nursing mothers
prolactin
milk production in nursing mothers
hormones
hormones

13. Reproductive hormones
_______________
sperm production & secondary sexual characteristics
egg production, preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics

14. Male reproductive system
Sperm production
over 100 million produced per day!
~2.5 million released per drop!

15. seminiferous tubule
sperm
spermatocytes

16. Male reproductive system
Testes & epididymis
sperm production & maturation
Glands
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal
produce seminal fluid
nutrient-rich

17. Male reproductive system
______________________________
produces sperm & hormones
sac that holds testicles outside of body
where sperm mature
tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis
Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands
nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm

18. Female reproductive system

19. Female reproductive system
______________________________
produces eggs & hormones
nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month
tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus
opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby
birth canal for birthing baby

20. Female reproductive system

21. Egg maturation in ovary
releases progesterone
maintains uterus lining
produces estrogen

22. Menstrual cycle Controlled by interaction of 4 hormones FSH & LH
estrogen
progesterone
FSH
ovulation = egg release
egg development
corpus luteum
estrogen
progesterone
lining of uterus
days 7 14 21 28

23. Female reproductive cycle
Feedback
Female reproductive cycle
egg matures &
is released (ovulation)
builds up uterus lining
estrogen
ovary
corpus luteum
FSH & LH
fertilized egg
maintains uterus lining
HCG
yes
pregnancy
GnRH no
progesterone
corpus luteum breaks down
progesterone drops
menstruation
maintains uterus lining
hypothalamus

24. Female hormones FSH & LH Estrogen Progesterone
_______________________________________
stimulates egg development & hormone release
peak release = release of egg (ovulation)
Estrogen
stimulates growth of lining of uterus
decreasing levels causes menstruation
Progesterone
cells that used to take care of developing egg
stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus

25. Fertilization

26. Any Questions??

27. What do they do? Maintain homeostasis Start a new process
Body Temperature
Maintain homeostasis
blood sugar level
temperature control
Start a new process
growth
fetal development
sexual development

28. Negative Feedback Negative feedback
every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back
body temperature
control of blood sugar