1. Lev Vygotsky Lindsay Chenoweth John Hickey Cassie Murphy http://online.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/eitankaplan/graphic/

2. Contents Biography Learning Theories Applications Sources

3. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) First educated as a lawyer and philologist and began career as psychologist in 1917 Based his ideology on the combination of social environment and cognitive development Viewed the learned as an individual rather than part of a “collective” (Roblyer, p.42).

4. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Speech (3 levels): –Pre-intellectual—crying, single words, short phrases…etc. –Egocentric—lively conversations with themselves –Internalization—private speech, thinking internally, no longer say whatever they are thinking Contents

5. Scaffolding Theory “Learning works best when students get assistance from experts to build on what they already know” (Roblyer, p. 43). Teachers serve as a bridge between the student’s existing knowledge and new concepts.

6. Zone of Proximal Development: refers to the difference between adult and child levels of cognitive functioning and the phase at which a child can master a task with help and support. Zone of Proximal Development

7. Student tasks can only be completed with assistance, and participation is guided by the teacher to ensure an active role in learning. Zone of Proximal Development Contents

8. Educational Implications The ZPD can be used to outline a student’s immediate future and overall state of development Best Practices in Education ( a non-profit organization) is helping US schools incorporate Vygotskian ideas into teaching literacy and math

9. Technology Implications Technology supports visual aids to help students understand concepts, and can provide multiple paths to learning the same material. Technology can serve as the scaffold to help students discover new concepts. Contents

10. Sources http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/vygotsky/ htm http://bahtija-d.tripod.com/index.html http://facultyweb.cortland.edu/andersmd/VYG/ZPD.HTML Roblyer, M.D. (2006). Integrating educational technology into teaching. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.