1. CH.18 SECTION 4

2. Terms Foraker Act: An act that congress passed in 1900. The act established a civil government in Puerto Rico. Platt Amendment: A set of condtions that Cuba had to follow. Cuba got indepence from this in 1902. “Big Stick” Diplomacy:Theodore Roosevelt's policy of creating and using the military to accomplish America's goals. Panama Canal: Human- made waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans across the Ismuths of Panama

3. More Terms Roosevelt Corollary: President Theodore Roosevelt’s reassurtion of the Monroe Doctrine. The addition was to help make sure the Western Hemisphere was free from European powers. "Dollar Diplomacy": President Taft’s policy of expanding American investments aboard "Moral Diplomacy":Woodrow Wilson’s statement that the U.S. wouldn't force to assert influence on the world, but would instead work to promote human rights.

4. People Francisco"Pancho“ Villa: a Mexican rebel leader that attacked Columbus, New Mexico. Theodore Roosevelt: The 26th president of the United States that helped with the Panama Canal and Updated the Monroe Doctrine. William Howard Taft:The 27th Presidet that spread American investments through out Latin America Woodrow Wilson: The 28th president that helped with the Mexican Revolution and WW1

5. Even More People Porfiro Diaz: Mexican president that fed off of the upper class,increased U.S. investments, and the main cause of the Mexican Revolution Fransico Madero: Mexican president that overthrew Diaz. Victoriano Hueta: General that overthrew and executed Madero. Venustiano Carranza:Wilson’s favorite reformer that fromed the Anti-Huerta forces. John J.Pershing:General that hunted down Villa.

6. Civil Government in Puerto Rico Puerto Rico was under U.S military control until 1900 when congress passed the Foraker Act. The act allowed the president appoint a govenor and a part of the Puerto Rican legislature. The rest of the legislature would be elected in a public election. Even though the U.S had control of Puerto Rico and Its affairs, Puerto Ricans couldn't enjoy the same rights as American Citizens until president Wilson signed the Jones- Shaforth act. This gave Puerto Ricans more rights and control over their legislature, but they felt It was enough.

7. U.S Establishes Cuban Protectorate Treaty of Paris gave Cuban Independence, but the U.S had stationed their military there until 1902. Before the U.S. left they got Cuba to add the Platt Amendment to their constitution. The amendment restricted Cuban rights,brought them into the affairs of the U.S and Cuba couldn’t sign treaties with other countries. Cuba realized that the U.S wasn’t going to leave because they were affraid of another hostile power taking Cuba., so Cuba added the Platt Amendment.

8. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy Roosevelt made a new diplomacy from America’s victory in the Spanish American War. The new diplomacy relied heavily on America’s military to accomplish the country’s goals “Big Stick” was inspired from an old African saying”Speak softlyand carry around a bigstick” The saying connects because Roosevelt felt that The U.S. should carry around a bigstick during the Age of Imperialism and felt that it was the duty of the u.s. to civilize or uplift weaker nations.

9. Ameirca and The Panama Canal. A French company thought to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They soon failed and asked The U,S, to buy their claim for $40 million.(1903) America knew that the canal couldn’t be built without Colombian permission,so America tries to negotiate for the Isthmus of Panama. Negotiation failes due to fact that Columbia wanted more money than the U.S was willing to pay. Then, Roosevelt intervenes by sending U.S warships to the costs of Panama. The battlships helped the Panamian rebels fight off the Columbian forces.

10. America and The Panama Canal(continued) After the Colombians were dominated by the rebels and The U.S, Panama is declared an independent nation. Panama allows the U.S,to dig the canal for $10 million and an anual rent of $250,000. 35,000 workers helped build the canal,and 5,000+ died due to accidents or dissease. The water way soon opened in 1914 cutting off 8,000 miles from America’s trading route from west to east coast.

11. Roosevelt updates the Monroe Doctrine Latin American counrties struggle to payoff their debts to European contires in the early 1900s. In 1903 Great Britain and Germany blocked Venezuelan ports until they could pay of their debts. In 1904 Roosevelt sent a message to Congress. The message had in it Rooseevelt’s Latin American policy called Roosevelt’s Corollary. The crollary made America a “police force” so Latin America wouldn’t commit “chronic wrong doings.” These doing where a way for European countries to justify their presence.

12. Latin America’s hatred toward the Rossevelt Corollary Latin Americans disapproved of the “police force” idea that Roosevelt had because they felt that America thought L.A. couldn’t enforce itself. Francisco Garcia Calderon said that the Monroe Doctrine had taken an”agressive form with Mr.Roosevelt.” Augusto Sandino agreed with Calderon and began to rebel agaisnt U.S. marines in Nicaragua.(1920s)

13. Taft Along With His Dollar Diplomacy William Howard Taft was chosen by Rooevelt for the President. Taft agreed with Roosevelt’s foreign policy objectives.Taft won the election of 1908 and would keep the Open Door Ploicy. Taft also wanted to ensure stability in Latin America(Background on Taft). Taft wanted to achieve by relying on “dollar diplomacy” more than “bigsick diplomacy.” The diplomacy wanted to increase American investments (mines,plantations,oils,wells,etc.) throughout L.A. and the Carribean islands. The dollar diplomacy sometimes needed military intervention. Taft dispatched American troops to Nicaragua in 1909 and in 1912

14. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson wanted to concentrate on human rights,national integrity and opportunity and promised that America wouldn’t conquer anymore.(Moral Diplomacy). Instead of using the military for the other two diplomacy’s reasons, Wilson used them to guide L.A. to the directions he thought were proper. Ex. Wilson sent U.S. Marines to protect American investments and to protect Haiti grom French and German agression(1915). Wilson got Haiti to allow America to have the right to its finicial and foreign affars. Soldiers and Sailors also intervened in Mexico and the Dominican Republic.

15. The Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz had been in power for decades and benefitted from the small upper class(Wealthy landowners, clerics, and military men). Diaz’s encourage ment led to American investments to grow immensly, but this caused Americans to own large portions of Mexican industries. Foreign Investors, and Mexican Aristocracy grows but the lower class is having a hard time with poverty. In 1911 Francisco Madero led the revolution that got rid of Diaz and Madero took the Presidency

16. The Mexican Revolution(Continued) Madero seeked reforms but wasn’t very stong, so in 1913 General Victoriano Huerta seized power and executed Madero under “dolar diplomacy” Even though Wilson probably regonized Huerta as leader and his pledge to protect American Investments, Wilson turned Huerta down and prefered Veneustiano Carranza(Refromer who started the Anti-Huerta forces)

17. Wilson sends Troops to Mexico Wilson sends U.S.troops to help out Carranza get power. Wilson sent Marines to capture the port of Veracruz. This captured destoyed Huerta’s government and allowed Carranza to take the presidency. Huerta’s defeat made many Mexicans happy and validated “moral diplomacy” until Wilson found out that Carranza was slow at bringing refroms and another rebellion starts. Francisco “Pancho”Villa rises up from this rebellion and is courted by Wilson until 1916 when U.S. support ends. Villa enters New Mexico and attacks Columbus killing 18 Americans. This angers Wilson and he sends General John J. Pershing along with 10,000 troops.

18. Pershing vs. Villa Pershing’s troops chased after Villa. The chase lasted for several months but Villa escaped. The troops were pulled out in 1917 because America declared war on Germany.