1. Research Methods in Psychology (Pp 60-68)

2. Case Studies Case studies are in-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community. Case studies allow researchers to “retain the holistic and meaningful characteristics of real-life events” (Yin, 2009) Case studies are widely used in psychology and amongst the best-known ones carried out were by Sigmund Freud. He conducted very detailed investigations into the private lives of his patients in an attempt to both understand and help them overcome their illnesses.

3. Characteristics of Case Studies Idiographic- concentrating on unique traits of individuals or groups Focus on context Use multiple data sources (data triangulation) Examine processes that take place over a period of time

4. Sources of Case Study Data Documentation- letters, e-mails, diaries etc Archival records Interviews Observations

5. Types of Case Studies Intrinsic Unusual or interesting (ie, feral children) Not easily generalized Extrinsic/Instrumental Examine how individual or group experiences fit with larger theory (ie cognitive therapy) More easily generalized

6. Strengths of Case Study Research Multiple data sources offer different perspectives and increase data triangulation Sensitive to context allowing one to study how people make meaning out of their lives May be only way to study unique behavior Helps researchers develop new theories Good ecological validity because data are gathered from real-life contexts

7. Weaknesses of Case Study Research Poor population validity since data are gathered from specific individuals/groups An individual’s testimony is difficult to validate as past memory is not always accurate Confidentiality and anonymity are ethical concerns Time-consuming Researcher bias can be a problem if s/he does not objectively select data sources for a case study

8. Generalizing Findings Difficult to make good generalizations (to similar situations or people outside the study) from intrinsic case studies. Instrumental case studies can be generalized to theoretical propositions if enough cases show the same thing; they can refine theory and give direction for future research.

9. The End