Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016

Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016
Annual CEW User Update Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016

Annual Certification Requirements
Annual CEW end-user re-certification requirements are enumerated on the “V20 TASER CEW End-User Certification and Annual Re-Certification Requirements” document contained within the Support Folder of TASER Training Version 20 To fulfill TASER International’s (TASER) requirements for TASER Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW) end-user certification or annual re-certification, the currently certified TASER Instructor must fully comply with TASER’s Training Materials Licensing Agreement and the requirements set forth in the V20 TASER CEW End-User Certification and Annual Re-Certification Requirements” document. These requirements assist in forming the basis for reasonably safe and effective CEW use.

License Agreement All TASER International, Inc. (TASER) training materials/documents are copyrighted and: Must be used in their entirety (PowerPoint® slides, video, and instructor notes) May only be used for CEW training by TASER certified instructors holding a current certification on the CEW model being taught and while fully complying with all TASER training requirements May not be used for commercial purpose* If you access or use TASER’s training materials, you accept and agree to be bound by TASER’s License Agreement All TASER training material is copyrighted. Instructors may use and modify the TASER CEW training materials for the purpose of developing their own CEW training program and for no other purpose. Using the TASER training materials for commercial purpose or for monetary gain is strictly prohibited and enforced unless you are enrolled in one of our available licensing programs (e.g. private security, for-profit/non-profit college, etc.) You must use all materials from the TASER CEW training materials that cover CEW operation, safety and warnings as they appear in the TASER CEW training materials. However, you may add additional information to the TASER CEW training materials as part of the instruction of your own personnel and in developing your own CEW training program. Be sure you read the entire TASER CEW Training Material License Agreement located in the instructor manual and on the TASER training DVD. Version 20

TASER CEWs Are Not Risk Free
At this time distribute, review and understand the current TASER product warnings The Law Enforcement Warnings are contained in the instructor manual, the DVD, and at TASER.com. Check the website frequently to ensure you have the most current copy of the warnings. Version 20

CEW Smart Use Consideration
TASER does not give and is not giving legal advice or guidance or creating or forming any form of attorney/client or other relationship. Be sure to consult with your personal, local, law enforcement agency, or governmental legal advisor for any legal advice, guidance, training, or direction. Version 20

Smart Use Considerations
When Reasonable: Use the minimum force necessary to accomplish lawful objectives Use force only on those “actively resisting” or higher Give a verbal warning before the use of force

Smart Uses Considerations
When Reasonable Give subjects a reasonable opportunity to comply before force is used Immediately cease any force once a subject has surrendered or is captured, handcuffed, and controlled

Follow “targeting guidelines” when feasible and use 5-second “window of opportunity to restrain and “cuff under power” Every CEW trigger pull or 5-seconds of discharge must be justified under the specific circumstances of the incident

CEW use is within: Law (correctly applied legal standards of care) and Within policy and training Do not use CEW for: verbal defiance belligerence punishment horse play

Force decision must reasonably consider (as time and circumstances reasonable permit): Officers’ reasonable perception of subject’s actions or behaviors the officer is attempting to stop, thwart, or control Quantum of Force: Foreseeable risks of injuries or harm to subject resulting from force to be used

Avoid multiple, repeated, prolonged, extended, or continuous CEW exposures unless necessary to counter reasonably perceived threat(s) and it is justifiable Always document your justifications Foreseeable secondary risks of injury

If person is not an immediate threat or flight risk: Do not immediately resort to CEW without first attempting to use negotiation, commands, or physical skills Avoid use CEW on person who is actually or perceived to be mentally ill Avoid using CEW on elevated risk population member, unless necessary and justifiable It is very important to note that the recommendations on this slide apply only if the subject is not an immediate threat or flight risk. In those situations where the subject is not an immediate threat or flight risk, do not immediately resort to CEW without first attempting to use negotiation, commands, or physical skills, avoid using CEW on person who is actually or perceived to be mentally ill, avoid using CEW on elevated risk population member, unless necessary and justifiable, avoid intentionally targeting sensitive areas when possible, and do not use pain compliance if circumstances dictate that pain is reasonably foreseeably that the subject is not feeling any pain and it will be ineffective. *Newman v. Guedry, 703 F.3d 757 (5th Cir. (Tex.) December 21, 2012): “If [plaintiff’s] allegations are true, the officers immediately resorted to [CEW] and nightstick without attempting to use physical skill, negotiation, or even commands. Viewing the summary-judgment facts in a light most favorable to [plaintiff], we conclude that the use of force was objectively unreasonable.” [referencing Deville v. Marcantel, 567 F.3d 156 (C.A.5 (La.), May 1, 2009)] § “Although officers may need to use “physical force ... to effectuate [a] suspect's compliance” when he refuses to comply with commands during a traffic stop, Deville, 567 F.3d at 167, the officers still must assess “the relationship between the need and the amount of force used,” id. In Deville, we held that a reasonable jury could find that the degree of force used was not justified where the officer “engaged in very little, if any, negotiation” with the suspect and “instead quickly resorted to breaking her driver's side window and dragging her out of the vehicle.” Id. at 168.” (12/2012 CRD/DOJ) Proposed Settlement Agreement, Attachment 1 to Memorandum in Support of Joint Motion to Enter Settlement Agreement and Conditionally Dismiss Action. December 17, U.S. v. City of Portland. U.S.D.Or., Portland Division. Case No. 3:12-cv SI. a. Regarding or “involving persons with actual or perceived mental illness.” See generally entire document, especially: Use of Force (pages 16-28) and Electronic Control Weapons (pages 18-19). Version 20

If person is not an immediate threat or flight risk: Do not use pain compliance if circumstances dictate that pain is reasonably foreseeably ineffective (usually due to drug, alcohol, or mental illness caused elevation of pain tolerance Version 20

Record incident from officer’s point of view Fully document Subject’s threats, behaviors, and actions Each use of application of force Each CEW trigger pull or 5-second discharge Each injury or allegation of injury

Cardiac Experts have identified the following key factors related to CEW cardiac risks: Dart-to-heart (“DTH”) distances Duration of delivered electrical charge The further the CEW dart is away from the heart and the fewer CEW cycles applied, the lower the risk of the CEW affecting the heart.

Cardiac CEW cardiac risks are low, but not zero
To reduce cardiac risks (when possible): Target the back Avoid targeting the chest Avoid prolonged and repeated exposures

Physiologic/Metabolic Effects
CEWs may produce effects that could increase the risk of sudden death, including changes in: Blood chemistry Blood pressure Respiration Heart rate and rhythm Adrenaline and stress hormones The longer the CEW exposure, the greater the potential effects. Use reasonable efforts to minimize the number and duration of CEW exposures

Physiologic or metabolic effects
Studies show CEW effects are usually comparable or less than: Fighting Fleeing Numerous human studies have shown lower effects on human physiology as compared to some other force options

Avoid Extended Durations
TASER warns to minimize the number and duration of CEW exposures, and to minimize repeated, continuous, or simultaneous exposures Use the shortest duration of CEW exposure objectively reasonable to accomplish lawful objectives, and reassess the subject’s behavior before initiating or continuing the exposure

Avoid Extended Durations
Several law enforcement groups (e.g. IACP, PERF, COPS, DOJ) have established 15 seconds of CEW exposure (multiple applications or continuous) as a significant safety point

Higher Risk Populations
CEWs, like other force options, have not been laboratory tested on: Pregnant women Infirm Elderly Small children Low body-mass index (BMI) persons CEW use of these individuals could increase the risk of death or serious injury

Medically Compromised Persons
Law enforcement personnel are called upon to deal with individuals in crises that are often medical compromised and who may be susceptible to arrest-related death (“ARD”) The subject may already be at risk of death or serious injury as a result of pre-existing conditions, individual susceptibilities, or other factors

Medically Compromised Persons
Any law enforcement use of force, including a CEW, may cause or contribute to death or serious injury Follow your agency’s guidance and policies when dealing with medically compromised persons

Independent Conclusions
All CEW users/instructors are encouraged to do their own research and analysis Some of the latest CEW research can be viewed at:

Tactical Considerations
In this module, we will be discussing Tactical Considerations. Version 20

Flammability TASER CEW can ignite explosive materials, liquids, fumes, gases, vapors, or other flammable substances, gels, and materials Gasoline, sewer gases, meth labs, flammable personal defense sprays, hair gels, butane lighters, etc. A TASER CEW can ignite explosive materials, liquids, fumes, gases, vapors, or other flammable substances and materials such as gasoline, sewer gases, meth labs, flammable personal defense sprays, hair gels, butane lighters, etc. Some personal defense sprays use flammable carriers such as alcohol and could be dangerous to use in immediate conjunction with TASER CEWs. Version 20

Flammability Personal Defense Sprays
Some propulsion agents (carriers) are flammable Some carriers are alcohol and oil based When we talk about testing your OC’s or other chemical agent’s flammability with your TASER CEW, you should understand that some include flammable agents for propulsion carriers or to lower its freezing point. Some carriers are alcohol or oil based. Some are water based. Some agents use a mixture formula that is proprietary to the manufacturer or unknown to the public. Some of these formulas can ignite and cause flames when applied proximal to a TASER CEW. Version 20

Probe Placement Version 20

Line Up The CEW With The Target
Keep CEW in line with target Get both probes in preferred target zones May need to angle so bottom probe hits leg May need to turn CEW sideways if subject is laying down Both probes need to contact the subject to achieve NMI. If one probe strikes the subject and the other probe misses but lands on a conductive surface, the circuit might be completed, but NMI is unlikely due to the resistance. Remember, the bottom probe deploys at a downward angle in line with the grip of the CEW. If the subject is standing, you may need to keep the CEW vertical to get both probes on target. If you anticipate, based on probe spread and the point of aim of the top probe, that the bottom probe will hit the subject’s leg, you may need to angle the CEW to line it up with the targeted leg. If the subject is laying down, you will need to angle the CEW sideways to get both probes on target. Version 20

Targeting Avoid intentionally targeting the CEW on sensitive areas of the body such as the head, throat, breast, chest or area of the heart, genitals, or known pre-existing injury areas without legal justification. The preferred target areas are below the neck area for back shots and the lower center mass (below chest or heart area) for front shots Avoid sensitive areas Avoid intentionally targeting the CEW on sensitive areas of the body such as the head, throat, chest/breast, or known pre-existing injury areas without legal justification. The preferred target areas are the lower center mass (below chest) for front shots and below the neck area for back shots. Refer to “Sensitive Body Part Hazard” warnings. Version 20

Preferred Target Zone Rear (when possible)
Below neck (blue zone) Large muscles Avoid head The back is always the preferred target area when reasonably practicable under the totality of circumstances of the incident. Because of the larger muscle groups, the preferred target zone on the back begins just below the neck and extends all the way down the legs. Version 20

Preferred Target Zone Front (when possible)
Lower torso (blue zone below chest) More effective Split the belt line Larger muscles Reduces risk of hitting sensitive body areas (see current product warnings) Increases dart-to-heart (DTH) safety margin distances Do not intentionally target genitals Target Zone: There have been some ineffective hits to the front of the body, particularly with hits to the upper torso with narrow probe spreads. By lowering the point of aim to the lower torso on the front of the body by about four inches, the potential for Neuro Muscular Incapacitation of the core muscles is often increased by splitting the belt line of the body and targeting larger muscle groups. Aiming for the lower torso also reduces the risk of hitting some sensitive body areas. Non-preferred target zones are NOT prohibited, rather they should be avoided when practical. Dart-to-heart distance: Experts have identified the heart-to-dart distance as being the key determining factor in whether a CEW can affect the heart. The ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and cardiac capture or pacing probability for given dart locations decreased with the dart-to-heart horizontal distance (radius) on the skin surface. The further a CEW dart is away from the heart, the lower the risk of affecting the heart. The risk of an CEW causing cardiac arrest in humans is not zero, but is sufficiently remote that making accurate estimates is very difficult. Current estimates of the risk are on the order of 1 in 100,000 applications. Bozeman W, Teacher E, Winslow J. Transcardiac Conducted Electrical Weapon (TASER) Probe Deployments: Incidence and Outcomes. JEM. March 2012 Gardner A, Hauda W, Bozeman W. Conducted Electrical Weapon (TASER) Use Against Minors A Shocking Analysis. PEC. Sept 2012;28(9): - See, Kroll M, Lakkireddy D, Rahko P, Panescu D. Ventricular Fibrillation Risk Estimation for Conducted Electrical Weapons: Critical Convolutions. Medline IEEE 2011. - Sun H, Haemmerich D, Rahko PS, Webster JG. Estimating the probability that the Taser directly causes human ventricular fibrillation. J Med Eng Technol. Apr 2010;34(3): Version 20

TASER Conductive Targets
Shows preferred target zone Conductive full-size targets Available from TASER Preferred target zones Auditory feedback Allows targeting of lower body and legs TASER offers a conductive full-size target. The targets come in both upper and lower body and in front and back configurations and show the preferred target zones. Unlike previous targets, students can now aim for lower body and legs. This target gives auditory feedback for hits and misses consistent with what would be heard in actual deployments. Version 20

Probe Placement Deploy per department SOP
Greater probe spread generally increases effectiveness "Incapacitation by all measures was found to be a function of spread; generally increasing in effectiveness up to spreads between 9 and 12 in. There were notable differences between front and back exposures, with front exposures not leading to full incapacitation of the upper extremities regardless of probe spread.“1 Narrow probe spreads typically are more effective if one probe is above the belt and the other probe is below the belt Deploy probes in compliance with your department’s policy. Probe spreads less than four inches usually result in more of a pain compliance effect. One exception is close probe spreads where one probe is above the waist and one is below the waist. This type of hit typically results in loss of balance and the ability to stand. Recent research showed much greater effectiveness when the CEW is deployed in probe mode to the subject’s back. Effectiveness is directly related to probe spread and probe location. Remember, the bottom probe is traveling at a downward angle relative to the position of the CEW. Line up the TASER CEW with the subject’s body to get both probes on target. 1. Ho J, Dawes D, Miner, J, Kunz S, Nelson R, Sweeney J. Conducted electrical weapon incapacitation during a goal-directed task as a function of probe spread. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. Apr 2012. Version 20

Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation (NMI)
There are different levels of NMI ranging from limited area effects to significant body lockup The greater probe spread, the higher likelihood of NMI CEWs may not achieve total NMI incapacitation Subject may maintain muscle control, particularly in arms and legs (depending on many factors, including probe locations) Be prepared with other force options including a drive-stun follow up to spread NMI over a wider area if necessary and reasonably appropriate Drive stuns rarely, if ever, will achieve NMI, only localized pain Even with both probes making contact in a preferred target zone with a large spread, a subject may be able to voluntarily move his arms and legs. The subject might be able to access and manipulate a weapon or strike/kick at an approaching officer. When reasonably safe and practicable, officers should attempt to gain physical control of a subject as quickly as possible to restrict their movement and minimize any threats. Version 20

Probe Placement If practicable, deploy probes in preferred target zones of suspect’s back: Clothing fits tighter Surprise factor Stronger muscles – usually even more overwhelming Avoid sensitive areas of the body XP cartridges are more effective in reducing clothing disconnects Although probe hits to the front of the body are usually very effective, the back is usually the preferred target for several reasons: Clothing typically fits tighter across the shoulders, upper back and upper legs, The subject is surprised, and the back side of the body has more large muscle groups such as the Trapezius (upper back), Latissmus dorsi (mid & lower back), Gluteus maximus (butt), Biceps femoris (hamstring) and Gastrocnemius (calf). Targeting the backside decreases the chances of having a probe strike the eye, throat, chest/breasts or genitals. The entire back side below the neck is a preferred target zone. Version 20

Arcing Distance There are numerous factors which may reduce the arcing (jumping) distance, including: Wires touch Wires fall on conductive surface such as concrete or wet grass Version 20

Some Causes of Limited Effectiveness
Miss or single dart hit Incomplete, broken, or intermittent circuit Loose or thick clothing Low nerve or muscle mass Obese subject Limited probe spread Wires break Operator error Version 20

Arcing Sounds Arcing electricity is noticeably quieter when electrical charge is being delivered to a subject A loud arcing noise from the CEW may be one of several indications of an ineffective deployment Non-conductive targets are loud Use conductive targets in training Arcing electricity is noticeably louder than when electrical charge is being delivered to a subject. Often, when no electrical charge is being delivered to a subject the electricity will arc across the front electrodes of the TASER CEW or across the electrodes on the front of a previously deployed cartridge. Non-conductive practice targets are loud since the energy is arcing in the air or at the front of the TASER CEW. A conductive target should be used in training to simulate the sound of an actual field deployment. The noise level from a TASER X26 CEW when arcing on the front electrodes has been measured to be approximately 80 decibels. When electrical charge is being delivered to a subject via a completed circuit the decibel reading has been measured to be 50 decibels. Version 20

Arcing Sounds No change in subject behavior + loud arc = bad connection or TASER CEW use is ineffective Reload (X26/X26P CEW) and target different area or 3-point drive stun follow- up with cartridge still attached if legally justified For X2 CEW deploy second cartridge If the subject is not reacting and the electrical arc is loud during a field deployment, the electric charge is likely not being delivered and may not be effective. The operator may reload a fresh cartridge, or advance to the next cartridge, and deploy it at an alternate area, or keep the cartridge on the TASER CEW and perform a 3-point drive stun follow up to complete circuit or consider other force options. Version 20

Injuries From Falls NMI frequently causes subject to fall
Falls are often uncontrolled and subject is often unable to protect or catch himself Falls, even from ground level, can cause serious injuries or death (especially on a hard surface) Consider intermittent connections/effects, such as intermittent clothing disconnects Like many other force options, NMI frequently causes people to fall to the ground or other surface. They may or may not be able to catch or brace themselves and cushion the fall. Several people have suffered significant injuries including death from falling on a hard surface following a CEW exposure. Consider the environment the subject is standing on and the likelihood that a fall will result in injury. A clothing disconnect may still cause NMI if the subject moves in such a way that the probes get close enough to the skin to complete the circuit. This could result in injury if during the cycle the subject runs, climbs a fence, or moves to a more hazardous environment. Version 20

Increased Deployment Risk Examples
Obviously pregnant In water, mud, muck (drowning risk) Sensitive target areas Obviously frail or infirm Low body mass Probes in heart area or chest area Extended, repeated, or continuous discharges Additional increased risks include: an obviously pregnant female; subject in water, mud, marsh environment, or other areas where breathing ability may be impaired if exposed to the NMI of a TASER CEW; or a subject that is obviously frail or infirm and a fall to the ground could cause injury. Sensitive target areas may also be considered as increased risks. While a TASER CEW deployment may be an appropriate option to use on subjects in these and other situations, the important thing to remember is to look at the totality of the circumstances, including applicable laws and agency policy, and balance the risk of injury versus the risk of the threat. Version 20

Avoid “TASER CEW over-dependence” Have reasonable and appropriate force options available when practical Consider cover and distance tactics When practical: have at least one back-up officer present to control/cuff under power optimize choice of landing zone deploy to back (rather than front) Officers should avoid over dependence on the TASER CEW. In other words, understand that although the advantages of using the TASER CEW have been proven in the field time and time again, it may not be the best answer to every problem you deal with, and it won’t always be effective. Consider having lethal cover or other reasonable and appropriate force options available when practical. Consider your cover and distance tactics when dealing with subjects who are reasonably perceived as an immediate threat. Version 20

Contingencies CEW may have limited or no effect
No weapon system will operate or be effective all of the time A CEW or cartridge may not fire or be effective Be prepared to transition to other force options TASER CEWs are sophisticated electronic devices that are subjected to the challenging law enforcement environment. Have contingency plans for dealing with ineffective deployments or other applications. 1. Limited Effects. A CEW’s effectiveness is determined by many factors including, but not limited to: absence of delivered electrical charge; probe locations; probe spread; subject’s muscle mass; clothing; and movement. Even though a subject may be affected by a CEW in one part of his body the subject may maintain full muscle control of other portions of his body. 2. CEW or Cartridge May Fail to Fire, Operate, or Be Effective. No weapons system, tool, technique, force option, or CEW is always effective. If a CEW, cartridge, or accessory is inoperable, fails to function, or the intended CEW application is ineffective in achieving the desired effect, consider reloading and redeploying, using other force options, disengaging, or using other alternatives according to agency Guidance. 3. Prepare to Redeploy CEW or Use Backup Plan. Always prepare to redeploy the CEW or use a backup plan. Be familiar with backup plans and acceptable alternatives in the event of ineffective CEW deployment. The failure of the CEW to fire, operate, or be effective could result in death or serious injury. See current full TASER warnings, training, and product manual Version 20

Contingencies (X26/P) Deploy with 2nd TASER cartridge if available, or have a 2nd TASER CEW nearby If TASER cartridge is a “dud,” keep CEW aimed at target while placing the CEW on SAFE Reload with a new cartridge and re-engage target Do not attempt to reuse a dud Attempt to deploy the TASER X26/P CEW with a second TASER cartridge available. Or have a second TASER CEW nearby in case of a miss or ineffective deployment or application. If a TASER cartridge is a dud, keep the CEW aimed at the target while shifting the safety switch to the down (SAFE) position as it may fire after a delay. Even if it did not fire with the first electrical pulse, any pulses that follow could discharge the cartridge. If the CEW is aimed off target when the cartridge discharges, the probes could hit an unintended target. Version 20

Probe Placement (Does not apply to 35 ft cartridges)
Deployment range from point blank to 15, 21, or 25 feet depending on cartridge Preferred range = 7 to 15 feet from target for probe spread, officer safety, and accuracy Deployment range depends on numerous factors including the type of cartridge loaded in the TASER CEW. The range can be anywhere from point blank to fifteen, 21 or 25 feet depending on the cartridge. Of course, the TASER CEW operator should be within the maximum range to allow for slack in the wires when probes impact/attachment is achieved. Not allowing for slack in this situation may break the wires. If a deployment is at the maximum range of the TASER/Smart cartridge, the officer may need to close the distance slightly to avoid breaking the wires when the probes impact/attach. Very close deployments could result in increase accuracy, but have less reactionary distance and smaller probe spread, which could be less effective. Long range deployments provide increased officer safety and increased probe spread, but also increase the likelihood of a missed probe. An officer could also misjudge maximum range and be too far from the subject for the probes to reach them. Preferred range of the 21 and 25 foot cartridges is 7 to 15 feet. This provides a balance between several factors. Those factors include officer safety, probe spread and accuracy. Analysis of actual field use data submitted to TASER indicates this range of 7 to 15 feet appears to be the best overall compromise between these factors as it allows the officer to remain outside the reactionary gap, provides the distance needed to achieve adequate probe spread that typically allows for NMI to occur and keeps the officer close enough to allow for the probes to be accurate during deployment. Version 20

Deployment Distance Considerations
Deployments from 0-7 feet (0-2 meters): Higher hit probability Limited probe spread = low amount of muscle mass affected Short reactionary distance At ranges shorter than 7 feet, there is an increased probability that you can get both probes on target, but there will be very little probe spread. See preferred target zones [previous slides and warnings]. Be aware of the maximum range of your cartridges. Version 20

Deployments from 0-7 feet (0-2 meters): Consider targeting the waist area to “split the belt line”: Affect core muscles needed for balance Avoid probes near the heart or in chest: Low probability of NMI Increases dart-to-heart safety distance We have seen impressive results with aiming near the waistline and placing one probe above the beltline and the other probe below the beltline. Particularly when firing at close range, consider targeting the waist area to put one probe above the waist and one probe below the waist possibly into the thigh, leg or buttocks area for enhanced effectiveness. This technique, commonly referred to as splitting the belt line, can affect two or more large muscle groups and increase the chances of achieving at least partial NMI even with a limited probe spread. While the pelvic area has been shown to be an effective target area, care must be taken to avoid the genitals when practical, or when legally justified. Close probe spreads in the chest area often do not achieve NMI. The subject can still control his arms and there have been cases where they pull the probes out or break the wires. Version 20

Deployments from 7-15 feet (2-4.5 meters): Higher hit probability Good probe spread = good amount of muscle affected Slack in wires (with 21 or 25 foot cartridges Good reactionary distance Deployments from 7 to 15 feet are considered to be within the preferred range of the TASER CEW. There is a higher probability the probes will impact the subject. A good probe spread is generally achieved and there is typically enough muscle affected to achieve NMI. Also, the officer is a relatively safe distance from the subject and has time to react to a sudden assault. See preferred target zones [previous slides and warnings]. Be aware of the maximum range of your cartridges. Version 20

Deployments from 15 – 25 feet (4.5 – 7.6 m): May be out of range of 15/21’cartridges Fair hit probability with both probes Large probe spread = large amount of muscle affected Less slack in wires Larger reactionary distance Deployments from 15 to 25 feet offer a fair probability that both probes will impact the target. If the probes do impact the target, there should be a fairly large probe spread with a larger amount of muscle affected by the TASER CEW, but little slack in the wires. See preferred target zones [previous slides and warnings]. Be aware of the maximum range of your cartridges. Version 20

Be Careful of Distractions
There are incidents/cases where officers have been accused of using excessive CEW exposures caused by distractions (including by nearby family members, bystanders, incident witnesses), stress, etc. Be alert to and avoid potential or occurring distractions and stress induced hesitations that result in unnecessary additional 5-second CEW cycles or extended exposures Distraction and stress may result in the officer inadvertently holding the trigger down unintentionally which may result in a constant electrical discharge of unintended duration There are incidents/cases where officers have been accused of using excessive CEW exposures caused by distractions, including nearby family members, bystanders, incident witnesses, stress, etc. Be alert to and avoid potential or occurring distractions and stress induced hesitations that result in unnecessary additional 5-second CEW cycles or extended exposures Distraction and stress may result in the officer inadvertently holding the trigger down unintentionally which may result in a constant electrical discharge of unintended duration Version 20

Controlling/Cuffing Under Power
You can go hands on with the subject during the 5-second cycle without feeling the effects of the NMI Electricity generally follows the path of least resistance Do not place hands on or between probes There is a natural reluctance to touch a person who is being shocked by electricity. But remember, you can grab onto a person during the five second cycle without feeling the effects of the NMI discharge. You will not feel the electrical current unless you touch directly between or directly onto one of the probes. If this does happen, you will not be incapacitated. You will feel a shock and instinctively pull your hand away. Just reassess the subject and grab him somewhere else. Version 20

Use each 5-second CEW cycle as a “window of opportunity” to establish control/cuff while the subject is affected Move in, control, and handcuff subject while the CEW is cycling during the 5-second “window of opportunity” Consider single-officer on scene and necessity to control/cuff under power There have been incidents where subjects have been exposed to multiple TASER CEW cycles because the subject would not comply with verbal surrender commands following a TASER CEW deployment. Contact officers were available but did not move in during the cycle while the subject was incapacitated. While there are circumstances under which multiple cycles may be appropriate and reasonable, officers should consider an attempt to move in and control the subject while the TASER CEW is cycling and it is practical and reasonably safe to do so. Remember, as with any application of force, each CEW (5-second) cycle, deployment, or trigger pull must be legally justified. Version 20

Be aware that emotionally disturbed persons (EDPs), focused, intoxicated, deaf, and excited delirium individuals may not comply with verbal commands The need for multiple 5-second cycles, or extended or prolonged CEW exposures, may be avoided or reduced by “controlling/cuffing under power” during the “window of opportunity” the 5-second CEW cycle provides Some individuals may not comply with verbal commands after a CEW exposure for a variety of reasons. The need for multiple 5-second cycles, or extended or prolonged CEW exposures, may be avoided or reduced by “controlling/cuffing under power” during the “window of opportunity” the 5-second CEW cycle provides Version 20

Avoid Extended, Repeated, or Prolonged TASER CEW Applications Where Practicable
Each trigger pull must be legally justified Avoid extended, repeated, or prolonged CEW applications where practical CEW exposure is stressful event Minimize physical/psychological stress to the subject The operator should carefully observe the subject and provide breaks in the CEW stimulation when practicable Version 20

Keep sufficient slack in the wires Move with the subject if they start to roll If only one probe hits or low probe spread, consider drive stun follow-up with cartridge still in place (X26/P) or discharging a second cartridge (X2) During CEW deployment, the operator must remember to keep sufficient slack in the wires and may need to move with the subject if they start to roll. Failure to do either of these may result in wire breakage or probe disconnect causing a loss of CEW contact with the subject. If a single probe impact occurs, the CEW operator may consider a drive stun follow-up to complete the circuit with an X26 or X26P. A small or limited probe spread may not achieve NMI and a drive stun follow-up away from the impact sites of the probes should increase the effectiveness of the deployment. If a single probe impact occurs and the operator is using an X2, consider discharging a second cartridge. Version 20

Look for a Change in Behavior
Look AND listen when evaluating the effectiveness of a CEW deployment Watch the subject’s reaction and look for a change in their behavior Loud arcing sound typically indicates NO or intermittent connection Intermittent arcing typically indicates a poor connection such as a clothing disconnect Officers should look AND listen when evaluating the effectiveness of a CEW deployment. Watch the subject’s reaction and look for a change in their behavior. They could fall to the ground or go rigid during incapacitation. No reaction, no change in their behavior, or a loud arcing sound could indicate poor connection or no connection at all, limited probe spread, or a low muscle mass contact. Listen to the sound of the CEW. A quiet pulsing sound typically indicates a good connection. Version 20

If No Change in Behavior
Reload new cartridge and re-engage in legally justified (X26/P) Advance to next cartridge and re-engage (X2) Keep expended cartridge in place and apply a three-point drive-stun follow up Employ other force options, other alternatives, or disengage Following CEW deployment, if there is no change in behavior consider reloading a new cartridge in the X26/P or with X2 advancing to the next cartridge and re-engaging the subject, or keep the expended cartridge in place and apply a drive stun follow up, or employ another force option, other alternatives, or disengage. Remember, as with any application of force, each CEW cycle or deployment must be legally justified. Version 20

Suicidal Subjects Follow your agency basic officer safety rules/training when dealing with suicidal subjects Establish deadly-force cover as needed, available, necessary CEWs can be an effective way to deal with suicidal subjects The CEW is NOT a substitute for deadly force When dealing with suicidal subjects follow agency training and basic officer safety rules and establish deadly-force cover as needed, available and necessary. The CEW can be an effective way to deal with these situations but always remember the CEW is NOT a substitute for deadly force. Version 20

Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016

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Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016

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Presentation on theme: "Version 20 Effective: January 1, 2016"— Presentation transcript:

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