1. Technical Proposals Written in order to expedite job-related processes: Significant operational improvements New business Additional jobs Safer working conditions

2. Proposals are written: As a bid on contract (solicited) A business proposal to a government authority; organization/company

3. Defining a proposal and its purpose Proposals maybe written to people within an organization, to an outside company, or to the government. In other words proposals are written offers to solve a technical problem or to undertake a project of practical or theoretical nature

4. purpose Aim to solve a problem Alter a procedure Find answers to questions Offer advice/training Conduct research on a topic of interest to both parties

5. Few exmaples To construct parking slots, buildings, bridges, highways To sell property To survey areas for possible water sources To modernize the office procedures of a company To train international managers for work in foreign countries To improve engineering performance within a company BASIC PURPOSE- TO REVIEW AND IMPROVE EXISTING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TO MEET DYNAMIC DEMANDS OF COMPLEX MARKET SYSTEMS

6. TYPES 1. SALES/BUSINESS PROPOSAL Sent outside the company to potential clients and customers 2. RESEARCH PROPOSALS Academic in nature and mostly solicited Proposal to apply for research grant

7. PROPOSALS- CHARACTERISTICS Technical proposals are persuasive blend of information. Organization, and reason Demonstrate to appropriate decision makers that their needs would be met with Creative Permit informality and personal approach to some extent Customer’s convenience, financial gain and prestige to be kept in mind. Includes summary, background, objective, description of the problem, methodology and cost estimate Anticipate possible reasons for rejection and provide solutions to overcome that

8. STRUCTUTRE THREE MAIN PARTS I.PREFATORY PARTS II.BODY OF PROPOSAL III.SUPPLEMENTARY PARTS

9. PREFATORY PARTS Title page Letter of transmittal Draft contract Table of contents optional List of tables/figures optional Executive summary

10. TITLE PAGE SHOULD INCLUDE Title The name of the person or company to whom the proposal is submitted The name of the person submitting the proposal date

11. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL THIS IS A COVER LETTER THAT ACCOMPANIES THE PROPOSAL IT INCLUDES Brief introductory, middle, and concluding paragraph Introductory para- clearly mentioning the topic and purpose Middle para- contains proposal highlights Concluding para- motivating the recipient towards responding positively to the proposal

12. DRAFT CONTRACT IT IS A ROUGH DRAFT PREPARED BY THE PROPOSER Terms of finance Duration of project Delivery schedule

13. TABLE OF CONTENT AND LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Brief proposals do not require them but very important for longer ones

14. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To be included whether your proposal is brief or long Concise version of the detailed proposal Provide a brief background elaborating on the need for such a project Summarizing the objectives and how will they be met Procedures adopted Outcome End by re-emphasizing the proposal’s strength MAKE SURE YOUR SUMMARY CREATES A POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE READER

15. BODY OF THE PROPOSAL 1.Introduction 2.Technical Section 3.Management Section 4.Cost Estimate 5.Conclusion

16. 1. Introduction Introduction shall include following sub-headings Problem and need- it should be clearly stated what you intent to investigate. Also state the existing infrastructure of the lack of it and how can it be solved. Background- should include: a) previous works completed on the same or similar projects, b)literature review on the subject i.e your evaluation. Purpose- state your objective. What do you intend to specifically do or offer. Scope- what is the scope of the project? Clearly specify whether it will study one or more areas of community, company or a particular problem. Is there anything which is outside the scope- mention that. Limitations- mention the restrictions in the project on which the proposer has no control. Project team/personnel- individuals involved along with you in this mention, details of their experience and qualification. Methods and sources

17. 2. Technical Section Includes two features Procedures Plan of attack

18. 3. Management Section Sequence of activities- you can include charts and figures giving a clear picture to the client about the phases of activities and how long each phase will take. Important for systematic approach. Equipment, facilities, and products- explain existing equipment at the start of the project, and additional facilities that may get included in future. Elaborate on infrastructure, giving details of equipments, products, and facilities Human resource- elaborate the details of technical expertise and different personnel required to accomplish the project. Team organization can be mentioned. Mention names of chief coordinator, co-investigator, etc. mention company’s profile

19. 4. Cost Estimate/Budget This section mandatory. Breakdown of all estimated costs for the project. Include materials and supplies, salaries, travel. Consumable items, etc. Tabular form can be used followed by a paragraph justifying the cost incurred under each category i.e. budget justification.

20. Conclusion An opportunity to re-emphasize the importance of your project and persuade the recipient that you have all the resources at your disposal to accomplish your project. Add no new idea, perspective, or dimession.

21. Supplementary parts Appendices References This section is optional.