1. Wednesday September 8, 2010 “Open 24 Hours. Except 2 AM to 8 AM.” - Sign at a pizzeria Welcome! 1. Come in, sit down, and smile! 2. On a piece of paper write the following: 1. Name 2. If you could go to dinner anywhere, where it would be 3. Something cool you have done 4. Anything you know about Christopher Columbus

2. European Exploration in the East

3. Why did they start exploring?  1.Renaissance  Sparks curiosity and need for adventure

4.  2. Looking for new ways to get rich  Asia had spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper)  Demand was bigger than supply so merchants could raise prices  Muslims and Italians control trade over land  Europeans looking for other route

5.  3. Spreading Christianity  “gold, God, and glory”  Must convert “savage” Muslims

6.  4. Technology  New technology made it possible to explore further and easier  Triangular sails  Improved boats  Better navigation (magnetic compass)

7. Portugal  First to explore  At first, along West Coast of Africa, later finding route to Asia  Trade in Africa for gold, slaves

8. Prince Henry the Navigator  Son of the King  Found lots of treasure during conquests  Wanted to spread Christianity  Founded navigational school and sponsored earliest explorers  Mapmaking, shipbuilding, etc.

9. Heading to Asia  At first, though they had to sail around Africa

10. Bartolomeu Dias  Reached tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)  Storms blew him around tip  Wanted to keep going, but crew couldn’t

11. Vasco da Gama  Reached Southwest tip of India  Found spices, silks, gems  Got direct trade route to India  Made da Gama very popular

12. Spain  Christopher Columbus  Wanted to find route to Asia by sailing West  Thought he reached West Indies (actually hit the Bahamas in the Caribbean) Sets stage for settling New World – often credited with “discovering” America (Columbian exchange)  Claimed all of the islands for Spain  Creates problems between Spain and Portugal

13. Portugal v. Spain  Line of Demarcation – imaginary line dividing claims of Spain and Portugal  Portugal thought Columbus claimed their land  Treaty of Tordesillas – agreement to honor line (Spain gets West, Portugal gets East)

14. Ferdinand Magellan (Spain)  First to circumnavigate (sail around) the world  “Finds” Philippines  3 year trip  Only 18 men out of 230 made it back

15. Eventually  Portuguese dies out  Dutch and English are in (compete)

16. Dutch  Netherlands  Have largest fleet by 1600 AD  Form Dutch East India Company

17. The Spanish in the Americas

18. Pedro Alvares Cabral  Discovered Brazil

19. Amerigo Vespucci  Realized the places they were exploring was a “New World”  America was named after him

20. Vasco Nunez de Balboa  First European to see Pacific Ocean

21. Conquistadors (Conquerors)

22. Hernando Cortez  Had 600 men  Wanted Aztec gold  Montezuma II (Aztec leader) though Cortez was a god  Aztecs and Spanish fight  Cortez wins (conquers Aztec civilization)

31. Why Cortez won  1. Better weapons (horses, cannons, etc.)  2. Help from other surrounding tribes  3. Disease (measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus)

32. Francisco Pizarro  Conquered Incas using only 200 Spanish v. 30,000 Incas  Incan ruler was Atahualpa

34. Ponce de Leon  Claims Florida for Spain

35. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado  Claims Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas (weren’t called that at the time)

36. Pay attention to people and words in red (those that you filled in). Also, define: Mercantilism and John Cabot Additionally, answer the following question: Identify and briefly describe the negative consequences of the Spanish encomienda system. Were there any positive consequences?