1. The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion
39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors, including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain
39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact
39c - explain the role of the improved technology in European exploration including the astrolabe

2. Essential Question (19.1)
What were the motivations of early explorers?
How did these motivations open up the world as we know it today?

3. Activator
Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet and in the Universe… why do we want to explore them? What is the benefit to mankind?
With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2 minutes…
GO!!!!

4. Introduction

5. Making Connections How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
How about the Crusades?

6. Europeans seek new trades routes
But why?
Luxury goods from Asia
Spices
Why spices?
Traditional trade routes took a long time
How do you think they got from Europe to the East?

7. God, Glory and Gold!
God, Glory and Gold!
God, Glory and Gold!

8. Another motivation… Christianity
Bartolomeu Dias
“To serve God and His majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

9. Technology to make it possible
The caravel
Made it possible to sale against the wind
Sturdier
Triangular sails from Arabs
Better navigational techniques
The Astrolabe

10. The Astrolabe

11. Portugal leads the way…
Prince Henry
Son of Portugal's King
Wished to spread Christianity
Set up trade routes down the West Coast of Africa
Slaves

12. Bartolomeu Dias
1488 – Dias and his crew sailed down the coast of Africa to what is now known as the Cape of Good Hope
After storm, Dias realized they were on the other side

13. Vasco Da Gama In 1498, Da Gama reached India
The first European to do so
The 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a direct route to India
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14. Chinese Explorer Zheng He
Used the magnetic compass to help navigate by finding direction; made navigation more exact
The compass also helped European explorers
Explored to show Chinese superiority
Expeditions were cancelled because Chinese officials though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too much)

15. Zheng He

16. WORD VOMIT…. List as many things you know about Christopher columbus as possible….
You have 2 minutes… starting now!

17. In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the oceans blue…
Italian sea captain
His mission was funded by Spain
Find a sea route to India by sailing west
Short-term impact: Increase tensions between Spain and Portugal
Long-term impact: Opened up the new world to European settlers

18. Christopher Columbus

19. Review What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do?
What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?

20. Treaty of Tordessillas
Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia
They believed Spain may have claimed lands AFTER Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da Gama)
Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

21. Review What was Columbus’ goal? Who funded his mission?
Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.

22. Trading Empires
After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean.
The Dutch East India Trading Company
Had power to mint money, make treaties, and raise armies
The Netherlands along with England eroded Portuguese control of Asia
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23. British and French Traders
1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over Southeast Asia
They also began to conquer this region

24. Summary 3 – things you learned 2 – things you want to learn more about
1 – thing you have a question about

25. Essential Question(s)
What was the early role of Spain in the Americas?
How has the influenced lasted and shaped the Americas today?

26. More Christopher Columbus
It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land
He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia…
Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean Sea Scholars think was the Bahamas
Why did he call the native inhabitants that he encountered “los indios?”

27. Columbus Columbus was granted permission/funds for three more trips
No longer as an explorer but now as an Empire builder
His mission was to start colonies
Territories controlled by another nation

28. Columbus

29. Review What was Columbus looking for? What did he actually discover?
On his later voyages, what was Columbus’ goal?
What was Magellan's men/ships the first to do?

30. Other Explorers Pedro Alvares Cabral 1500 Portugal
Year
Nation
Importance
Pedro Alvares Cabral
1500
Portugal
Claimed Brazil for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
1501
Italian in service of Portugal
Claimed land was not part of Asia but of a “New World;” America named after him
Vasco Nunez Balboa
1513
Spain
Marched across Panama to become the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

31. Ferdinand Magellan Spanish Explorer
In 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of the Pacific and find the East Indies
Magellan reached the Philippines and was killed
His crew continued to sail towards home
Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 men
The were the first persons to circumnavigate the globe
What does “circumnavigate” mean?

32. The Ballad of Magellan

33. The Conquistadors Spanish Explorers lured by rumors of riches
Carved out colonies in what would become Mexico, South America, and the United States
What was the result?
Tremendous Spanish influence in the New World

34. Review
Name one explorer and his importance?

35. Hernando Cortes Conquered the Aztecs in 1521
Motivated by gold and riches
Only 600 men killed thousands of Aztecs
Many killed by disease

36. Francisco Pizzarro Conquered the Incas in 1532
Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000 Inca warriors lead by Atahualpa

37. Spain creates and empire
Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo – mixed community
The Spanish were also oppressive rulers
Encomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of the native peoples from the Spanish government

38. The Spanish Empire
By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful nation in the World
Explorers push north into what is now the United States
Ponce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in 1513
Coronado – lead an expedition through what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas
Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in early 17th Century

40. Review What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today?
Who were the Conquistadors and what was their motivation?

41. Summarize today’s material in one word!

42. Chapter 20.2

43. Essential Questions
How did the settlement of North America take place?
How does this shape the United States today?

44. Other European Nations stake a claim
France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in North America!

45. New France
Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and founded Quebec
Quebec became the base for France’s North American holdings

46. England won’t be left out
Jamestown
Founded in 1607
First successful English colony
7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and disease

47. Pilgrims and Puritans Pilgrims Puritans
Calvinists – What did Calvinists believe?
Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts) in 1620
Fled Europe to exercise greater religious freedom
Puritans
Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why?
Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

48. The Dutch
Henry Hudson
Englishmen in service of the Netherlands
Was searching for a Northwest sea route to Asia
Ended up explorer the waterways of the American North East
The Dutch also colonized a great deal of the Caribbean

49. European Powers go to war in North America
Before and after the French and Indian War

50. Fighting with Native Americans
Many battles fought between colonists and Native Americans
King Phillips War
Metacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an attack on colonists in Massachusetts
Colonists respond with massacre
Massacres on both sides

51. Chapter 20.3