1. Chapter 9: The Executive Branch

2. Formal Qualifications for the President of the United States Must be at least 35 years old Must be at least 35 years old Must be a “natural-born” citizen of the United States Must be a “natural-born” citizen of the United States Must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years Must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years Serves a term of four years in office Serves a term of four years in office *The 22 nd Amendment (1951) limits a President to only two terms *The 22 nd Amendment (1951) limits a President to only two terms

3. Informal Qualifications White White Male Male Protestant Protestant Between 50-60 years old when they became President Between 50-60 years old when they became President College-educated (many went to ivy-league schools) College-educated (many went to ivy-league schools) Worked as lawyers Worked as lawyers Served as Senators, Governors, & other gov’t officials Served as Senators, Governors, & other gov’t officials (14) Presidents once served as Vice President (14) Presidents once served as Vice President

4. The Roles of the President Chief executive: President is the head of the executive branch, enforces laws & appoints over 4,000 executive branch officials Chief executive: President is the head of the executive branch, enforces laws & appoints over 4,000 executive branch officials Issues executive orders: rules/regulations that gov’t officials must obey Issues executive orders: rules/regulations that gov’t officials must obey

5. Roles Continued... Commander-in-Chief: the President is the leader of the armed forces and makes the important decisions during times of war Commander-in-Chief: the President is the leader of the armed forces and makes the important decisions during times of war

6. Roles Continued... Chief Diplomat: the President is the leader of our foreign policies & guides our relationships with other countries Chief Diplomat: the President is the leader of our foreign policies & guides our relationships with other countries

7. Roles Continued... As the Chief Diplomat: As the Chief Diplomat: 1) The President negotiates treaties: formal agreements with other countries ratified by the Senate 2) Appoints ambassadors (official representatives to foreign gov’ts) 3) Makes executive agreements: agreements with other countries that don’t need Senate approval

8. Roles Continued... Legislative Leader: the President recommends laws to Congress & creates our domestic policies (plans for dealing with nat’l problems) Legislative Leader: the President recommends laws to Congress & creates our domestic policies (plans for dealing with nat’l problems) Creates the federal budget Creates the federal budget Delivers the State of the Union address Delivers the State of the Union address Calls special sessions of Congress Calls special sessions of Congress

9. Roles Continued... Judicial Leader: The President has many powers the affect the judicial branch Judicial Leader: The President has many powers the affect the judicial branch For example: For example: 1) Appoints Supreme Court Justices 2) Issues pardons

10. Roles Continued... Party Leader: as the highest elected U.S. official, the President is the leader of his/her party Party Leader: as the highest elected U.S. official, the President is the leader of his/her party Chief of State: the President shares the values of the American people and participates in important ceremonies Chief of State: the President shares the values of the American people and participates in important ceremonies

11. 9.2 The Organization of the Executive Branch Bureaucracy: an organization of gov’t departments, agencies, and offices (has a negative connotation in gov’t today) Bureaucracy: an organization of gov’t departments, agencies, and offices (has a negative connotation in gov’t today) Administration: a team of people (about 2,000) appointed by the President who work in the West Wing and executive branch Administration: a team of people (about 2,000) appointed by the President who work in the West Wing and executive branch

12. The Three Major Parts of the Executive Branch The Executive Branch Executive Office of the President Executive Departments (The Cabinet) Independent Agencies

13. I. The Executive Office of the President Made up of the President’s closest advisors Made up of the President’s closest advisors Includes the White House Staff Includes the White House Staff -Chief of Staff -Press secretaries -Speechwriters -Legal experts The Vice President The Vice President Special Advisory groups like the OMB & the NSC Special Advisory groups like the OMB & the NSC

14. II.The Executive Departments (The Cabinet) There are 15 different departments currently (see additional handout). There are 15 different departments currently (see additional handout). Each dept. advises the President on foreign & domestic policy issues Each dept. advises the President on foreign & domestic policy issues

15. III. The Independent Agencies Independent Agencies Executive Agencies Regulatory Commissions Government Corporations

16. The Executive Agencies Directly controlled by the President Directly controlled by the President The President hires or removes their directors The President hires or removes their directors Examples in include NASA, FBI, CIA Examples in include NASA, FBI, CIA

17. Regulatory Commissions These agencies make & enforce rules for a particular business or economic activity These agencies make & enforce rules for a particular business or economic activity Examples include: Examples include: -Federal Communications Commission (FCC) -Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) -Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

18. Government Corporations Similar to private businesses that make a profit BUT they also provide public services that are often too risky or expensive Similar to private businesses that make a profit BUT they also provide public services that are often too risky or expensive Examples include the USPS & FDIC Examples include the USPS & FDIC

19. The Civil Service System Established in 1883 to make sure that gov’t workers (called civil servants) were hired on the basis of merit Established in 1883 to make sure that gov’t workers (called civil servants) were hired on the basis of merit Outlawed the spoils system where loyalty to the President was more important than knowing how to do the job Outlawed the spoils system where loyalty to the President was more important than knowing how to do the job

20. 9.3 Presidents and Power Some of the perks/privileges of the President includes: Annual salary of $400,000 (also $50,000 annual expense account) Annual salary of $400,000 (also $50,000 annual expense account) Living in the White House Living in the White House Air Force One/Marine I/Fleet of automobiles Air Force One/Marine I/Fleet of automobiles Vacation house called Camp David Vacation house called Camp David Personal Chef Personal Chef Pension Pension Health Care Health Care Executive privilege Executive privilege

21. Using Presidential Power Imagine that President Barack Obama is given the chance to purchase both Canada and Mexico for the bargain price of $10 trillion! If he was able to buy the land, it would double the size of the U.S. and increase our trade deficit; however, he’s not sure if the Constitution gives him the power to do it. What do you think?

22. Jefferson & The Louisiana Purchase France offers to sell the Louisiana territory to President Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million France offers to sell the Louisiana territory to President Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million He secretly authorized the Lewis & Clark expedition to inspect the land He secretly authorized the Lewis & Clark expedition to inspect the land

24. Nixon & Watergate Nixon’s White House staff is accused of covering up the Watergate break-in Nixon’s White House staff is accused of covering up the Watergate break-in Congress discovered the Nixon had taped all of his conversations Congress discovered the Nixon had taped all of his conversations Congress asked for the tapes & Nixon refused Congress asked for the tapes & Nixon refused