1. American Government Chapter 7 Section 1

2. Nominating Primary Function of Parties Leading Reason for Decentralized Nature of Major Parties General Elections

3. Self-Announcement Oldest Style of Nomination Personal Announcement No Cost Alternative

4. Caucus Small Group of Like Minded Persons Influential Members of Party Similar to Party Bosses or Oligarchies

5. Convention 1831, Anti-Masons – Baltimore 1832, Democrats On Paper, Reflective of Representative Democracy In Reality, Manipulated by Party Bosses Through Candidates

6. Nomination By Primary Election Direct Primary Runoff Primary

7. Direct Primary Closed Primary Open Primary Blanket Primary

8. Closed Primary Party Members Vote For Their Party’s Candidates Prevents “Raiding” Opposition Candidates Makes People Choose Between Major Parties

9. Open Primary Undercuts Party Loyalty Permits “Raiding” Between Parties Voters Must Be Party Members

10. Blanket Primary Any Registered Voters Can Vote Permits Independent Voters Access To Primaries

11. Runoff Primary Only Applies to States Requiring Clear Majorities Top Vote-Getters Run

12. Nomination By Petition Number of Signatures Varies By State Signatures Must Be Checked for Eligibility