1. Break In To Groups (15 Minutes) You will work in discussion groups that were assigned yesterday at the end of class You will work in discussion groups that were assigned yesterday at the end of class Please: Please: Share your scenarios and reactions and write responses to the following: Share your scenarios and reactions and write responses to the following: 1. Discuss whether parenting styles were different for the genders and ages. 2. Discuss why some people might use different parenting styles (standards) for boys vs. girls. 3. Discuss why you would parent a child different based on his or her age.

2. All notes are posted on the Website! You will need to review them prior to exam. Adulthood and Old Age Physical Changes in Adulthood Life Span Life Span The maximum age possible for members of a given species. The maximum age possible for members of a given species. Life Expectancy Life Expectancy The number of years that an average member of a species is expected to live. The number of years that an average member of a species is expected to live. Menopause Menopause The end of menstruation and fertility. The end of menstruation and fertility.

3. Adulthood and Old Age Aging and Intellectual Functions Memory and Forgetting Memory and Forgetting Cognitive abilities do not inevitably decline. Cognitive abilities do not inevitably decline. Some elderly may show declines on free- recall tasks, however declines on tests of recognition memory are less likely. Some elderly may show declines on free- recall tasks, however declines on tests of recognition memory are less likely. Memory declines may be due to impairments in sensory acuity and a slowing of neuronal processing. Memory declines may be due to impairments in sensory acuity and a slowing of neuronal processing.

4. Adulthood and Old Age Aging and Intellectual Functions The Alzheimer’s Problem Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease A progressive brain disorder that strikes older people, causing memory loss and other symptoms. A progressive brain disorder that strikes older people, causing memory loss and other symptoms. In the U.S., the projected number of Alzheimer’s patients is 14 million in 2050. In the U.S., the projected number of Alzheimer’s patients is 14 million in 2050. The cost is at least $100 billion per year. The cost is at least $100 billion per year.

5. Adulthood and Old Age Aging and Intellectual Functions Age Trends in Intelligence Fluid intelligence, which includes inductive reasoning and spatial ability, declines steadily throughout middle and late adulthood. Fluid intelligence, which includes inductive reasoning and spatial ability, declines steadily throughout middle and late adulthood. Crystallized intelligence, which includes verbal ability and numeric ability, remains stable into the 70’s. Crystallized intelligence, which includes verbal ability and numeric ability, remains stable into the 70’s.

6. Adulthood and Old Age Aging and Intellectual Functions Timed vs. Untimed Vocabulary Tests Some abilities are less affected by age than are others. Some abilities are less affected by age than are others. Scores declined only in the timed test. Scores declined only in the timed test.

7. Adulthood and Old Age Social and Personal Development Life Satisfaction In multiple cultures, 75-80% say they are satisfied with life. In multiple cultures, 75-80% say they are satisfied with life. Ratings of life satisfaction do not vary with age. Ratings of life satisfaction do not vary with age.

8. Psychology, 4/e by Saul Kassin ©2004 Prentice Hall Adulthood and Old Age Social and Personal Dev. Self-Esteem Self-esteem is highest in childhood. Self-esteem is highest in childhood. It drops sharply during adolescence. It drops sharply during adolescence. It increases gradually during adulthood, peaks in the sixties, and declines in old age. It increases gradually during adulthood, peaks in the sixties, and declines in old age.

9. Adulthood and Old Age Dying and Death Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed five stages in approaching death: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed five stages in approaching death: Denial (“It must be a mistake.”) Denial (“It must be a mistake.”) Anger (“It isn’t fair!”) Anger (“It isn’t fair!”) Bargaining (“Let me live longer and I’ll be a better person.”) Bargaining (“Let me live longer and I’ll be a better person.”) Depression (“ I’ve lost everything important to me.”) Depression (“ I’ve lost everything important to me.”) Acceptance (“What has to be, has to be.”) Acceptance (“What has to be, has to be.”) Not everyone follows this sequence through the stages and all people do not experience all stages. Not everyone follows this sequence through the stages and all people do not experience all stages.

10. Major Ways to Conduct Research Cross-sectional Studies Cross-sectional Studies People of different ages are tested and compared People of different ages are tested and compared Cohort Comparison Cohort Comparison Similar to the cross-sectional – subjects are studied at only one point in their development (for example ages 8 or 10) Similar to the cross-sectional – subjects are studied at only one point in their development (for example ages 8 or 10) Sequential Design Sequential Design Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal – subjects from different age groups are studied repeatedly over a period of months and years. Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal – subjects from different age groups are studied repeatedly over a period of months and years. Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal Studies The same people are tested at different times to track changes related to age The same people are tested at different times to track changes related to age

11. Basic Developmental Question Developmental Research Strategies