1. Coasts Shore

2. Classifying Coasts Primary Coast Secondary Coast

3. Primary Coast Land Erosion Coasts –Fjords Coasts Built by Land Processes –Deltas River dominated Tide dominated Wave dominated –Drumlins and Moraines Volcanic Coasts Coasts Shaped by Earth Movements

4. Secondary Coasts Dissolution High Energy Coasts Low Energy Coasts

5. Features of Secondary Coasts Sea Cliffs Sea Caves Wave Cut Platform

6. Shore straightening Accumulation of beaches –Long-shore Drift –Long-shore current

7. Beach Composition and Slope of Beaches –Swash –backwash Beach Shape –Berm –Berm crest –Backshore –Foreshore –Beach scrap –Longshore trough –Longshore bars

8. Minor Beach Features Rip Currents Coastal cells

9. Large Scale Features of Secondary Coasts Sand Spits Bay mouth Bar Barrier Islands Lagoon Sea islands Tombolo

10. Coasts Formed By Biological Activity Coral Reefs –Fringing Reefs –Barrier Reefs –Atolls

11. Mangroves Coasts Estuaries

12. Classification Of Estuaries Drowned river mouths Fjords Bar-Built Tectonic

13. Characteristics of Estuaries Salt wedge estuaries Well-mixed estuaries Partially mixed estuaries Fjords estuaries Reverse estuaries

14. The Value of Estuaries Lagoons and wetlands Wetland Slough Salt marsh swamp

15. Characteristics of US Coasts The Pacific Coast The Atlantic Coast The Gulf Coast

16. Human Interference in Coastal Processes Breakwater Groins Sea wall Importing sand