1. The rise of Jacksonian Democracy
AGE OF JACKSON
The rise of Jacksonian Democracy

2. “Champion of the Common Man”
Jackson’s Legacy???
“Champion of the Common Man”
“King Andrew”

3. Who was Andrew Jackson?

4. Who was Andrew Jackson?

5. Who was Andrew Jackson?

6. Who was Andrew Jackson?
The Hermitage

7. Who was Andrew Jackson?

8. Who was Andrew Jackson?

9. Who was Andrew Jackson?

10. Jacksonian Democracy The “Common Man” Universal male suffrage
Strict constructionism
Laissez-faire economics
Democratization of nominations for elected office
Party caucuses to national conventions
Increase in local and state elected offices
Rise of third parties
Spoils system
Manifest Destiny
“County Election”
George Caleb Bingham
1852

11. Four men ran for president in 1824
Election of 1824
Four men ran for president in 1824
Andrew Jackson
Henry
Clay
John Quincy Adams
William Crawford

12. Election of 1824 Democratic-Republicans fracturing
Election of 1824 has four candidates
Sec. of State John Quincy Adams
General/Senator Andrew Jackson
Sec. of Treasury William Crawford
Speaker of the House Henry Clay
“Corrupt Bargain”
House of Representatives chooses Adams
Impact
Establishment of Democrats and National Republicans
Second Party System

13. House Vote for Election of 1824

14. John Quincy Adams (NR) (1825-1829)
Son of Federalist John Adams
National Republican
Corrupt Bargain
Most of his proposals rejected by a pro-Jackson Congress
Alienated the South and West
Tariff of 1828
Tariff of Abominations

15. Political Changes in the 1820s
Democratic-Republicans
Federalists as
Whigs
Democrats

16. Second Party System (1828-1854)
Democrats:
States’ rights
Limited government
Laissez-faire
Expansionism
Pro-slavery
Equal opportunity
South and West
Yeoman farmers, working class, southern planters, immigrants
Anti-Masonic Party:
issue party concerned about Freemasons
promoted economic nationalism and social conservatism
Liberty Party:
abolitionist party
Free Soil Party:
Prevent expansion of slavery
Andrew Jackson
National Republicans/Whigs:
American System
Strong federal government
Mixed on slavery
Social conservatives
New England
Upper and middle class professionals, evangelical Protestants
Henry Clay

17. Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (D) John Q. Adams (NR)
Political campaigns on national levels
Coffin Handbills
Jackson’s wife

18. Executive Branch 1828 President Andrew Jackson
Vice President John C. Calhoun

19. “Old Hickory” The Common Man
Duelist, Gambler, Bar Fighter, Pipe-Smoker, Tobacco Chewer
War Hero
Spoils System
Hired loyalists and friends
A Strong Executive
Mandate from the people
“It was settled by the Constitution, the laws, and the whole practice of the government that the entire executive power is vested in the President of the United States.”
Endorsed states’ rights
Considered himself a Jeffersonian Democrat

20. Democratic Changes Under Jackson
Universal male suffrage – All white males could hold office and vote without property restrictions, social class, or religion

21. Spoils System
Jackson believed in appointing people to federal jobs according to whether or not they had actively campaigned for the Democratic Party
Government jobs in return for party loyalty = spoils system
Believed in rotation of government office holders – Jackson rotated cabinet members frequently, usually ousting officials once they disagreed with him

22. Jacksonian Democracy
Emergence of the “common man”

23. Andrew Jackson (D) (1829-1837) Increasing of Presidential Veto Power
Maysville Road (1830)
Peggy Eaton Affair
“Kitchen Cabinet”
Private group of trusted advisors
Vetoed more bills than all previous presidents combined
Peggy Eaton Affair – wife of Jackson’s secretary of war who was the recipient of malicious gossip and bad word of mouth; other cabinet wives refused to associate with her, and when Jackson tried to force the issue, most of his cabinet members resigned (except Martin Van Buren)

24. Nullification
Tariff passed in 1828 by JQA that protected northeast industries and hurt southern farmers was declared unconstitutional by South Carolina; according to VP Calhoun, each state had the right to decide whether or not to obey a federal law or to declare it null
South Carolina also nullified the Tariff of 1832, and forbid the collection of tariffs within the state; threatened to secede if forced to allow tariffs
Jackson used the force bill and threatened to send in the military, as he supported states rights but not disunion

25. Jackson vs. Native Americans

26. Jackson and Native Removal
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Negotiate with Native tribes for removal west to lands west of the Mississippi
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Determined Native tribes not to be “foreign states” but as “domestic dependent nations”
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Determined sovereignty of Native tribes therefore not subject to state laws
Apocryphal: “John Marshall had made his decision. Now let him enforce it!” - Andrew Jackson
Trail of Tears
Many died from exposure, disease, starvation
60,000 removed; 15,000 died

27. Trail of Tears

28. Title: “Andrew Jackson as the Great Father”
Andrew Jackson, legs crossed, sits in an armchair, holding two diminutive Native Americans on his lap. Six diminutive Native Americans sit or stand on the patterned rug at Jackson's feet, looking up at him. A framed picture of Columbia, holding a spear and with her foot on the head of a fallen foe, hangs on the wall in the background. A table on Jackson's right holds a scroll, a book, and two quill pens.
The cartoon depicts his position on Native American governmental policies and sarcastically portrays him as a kind ‘father-figure’ to disenfranchised Native Americans. This cartoon, commenting on President Jackson’s passage of the Native American Removal Act five years earlier, attempted to infuse humor into our sometimes brutal political processes.

29. Election of 1832 Andrew Jackson (D) Henry Clay (NR)
William Wirt (Anti-Masonic)
All candidates elected by national party convention
Bank of the United States was central issue

30. Jackson vs. National Bank

31. Jackson and the Bank War
Nicholas Biddle
Bank supported by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
Andrew Jackson
“You are a den of vipers and thieves. I have determined to rout you out, and by the Eternal, I will rout you out!”
“The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.”
Death of the National Bank
Jackson vetoed the charter
Transferred funds to state banks aka “pet banks”

32. Life After the Presidency

33. So just who is Andrew Jackson?
King Andrew?
War Hero?
Champion of the Common Man?

35. Using the cartoon, answer a, b, and c.
Explain the point of view reflected in the cartoon above regarding ONE of the following
presidential powers
American Indians
economic policy
states’ rights
Explain how ONE element of the cartoon expresses the point of view you identified in Part A.
Explain how the point of view you identified in Part A helped to shape ONE specific United States government action between 1824 and 1844.

36. Election of 1836 Martin van Buren (D) Jackson’s VP Whig Candidates
William Henry Harrison (OH)
Hugh White (TN)
Daniel Webster (MA)
Willie Mangum (NC)

37. Panic of 1837 National debt paid off in 1835 Specie Circular (1836)
Purchase of federal lands by gold and silver
Panic of 1837
Land speculation and crop failures
Hard currency led to devalue of paper money and inflation
Denial of Bank charter
States overextended in infrastructure projects
Banks closed; unemployment increased; depression for next five years